ArticleHealth services research2015
Impact of a pharmacy benefit change on new use of mail order pharmacy among diabetes patients: the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE).
Article in Health services research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02621476 (Encouraging Mail Order Pharmacy Use to Improve Outcomes and Reduce Disparities), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Encouraging Mail Order Pharmacy Use to Improve Outcomes and Reduce Disparities
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Randomized Encouragement Trial to Increase Mail Order Pharmacy Use and Medication Adherence in Patients with Diabetes.Journal of general internal medicine · 2021Trial
- Automated Strategy Feedback Can Improve the Readability of Physicians' Electronic Communications to Simulated Patients.International journal of human-computer studies · 2023Article
- Did Access to Ambulatory Care Moderate the Associations Between Visit Mode and Ancillary Services Utilization Across the COVID-19 Pandemic Period?Medical care · 2023Article
- Association Between Cost-Saving Prescription Policy Changes and Adherence to Chronic Disease Medications: an Observational Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Observational
- Developing and Testing Automatic Models of Patient Communicative Health Literacy Using Linguistic Features: Findings from the ECLIPPSE study.Health communication · 2021Article
- Social Determinants, Health Literacy, and Disparities: Intersections and Controversies.Health literacy research and practice · 2021Review
- The effect of mail order pharmacy outreach on older patients with diabetes.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Article
- Validity of a Computational Linguistics-Derived Automated Health Literacy Measure Across Race/Ethnicity: Findings from The ECLIPPSE Project.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2021Article
- Employing computational linguistics techniques to identify limited patient health literacy: Findings from the ECLIPPSE study.Health services research · 2021Article
- Challenges and solutions to employing natural language processing and machine learning to measure patients' health literacy and physician writing complexity: The ECLIPPSE study.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2021Article
- The Intersections Between Social Determinants of Health, Health Literacy, and Health Disparities.Studies in health technology and informatics · 2020Article
- Opportunities to encourage mail order pharmacy delivery service use for diabetes prescriptions: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- Using natural language processing and machine learning to classify health literacy from secure messages: The ECLIPPSE study.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the impact of a pharmacy benefit change on mail order pharmacy (MOP) uptake. DATA SOURCES/STUDY
settingRace-stratified, random sample of diabetes patients in an integrated health care delivery system. STUDY
designIn this natural experiment, we studied the impact of a pharmacy benefit change that conditionally discounted medications if patients used MOP and prepaid two copayments. We compared MOP uptake among those exposed to the benefit change (n = 2,442) and the reference group with no benefit change (n = 8,148), and estimated differential MOP uptake across social strata using a difference-in-differences framework. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION
methodsAscertained MOP uptake (initiation among previous nonusers). PRINCIPAL
findingsThirty percent of patients started using MOP after receiving the benefit change versus 9 percent uptake among the reference group (p < .0001). After adjustment, there was a 26 percentage point greater MOP uptake (benefit change effect). This benefit change effect was significantly smaller among patients with inadequate health literacy (15 percent less), limited English proficiency (14 percent less), and among Latinos and Asians (24 and 16 percent less compared to Caucasians).
conclusionsConditionally discounting medications delivered by MOP effectively stimulated MOP uptake overall, but it unintentionally widened previously existing social gaps in MOP use because it stimulated less MOP uptake in vulnerable populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.