ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2015
Influence of early-life exposures on food sensitization and food allergy in an inner-city birth cohort.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00114881 (Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA)
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for the Development of Food Allergy in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Infant milk-feeding practices and food allergies, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma throughout the life span: a systematic review.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- Management of IgE-Mediated Food Allergies in K-12 Schools and Early Childcare Centers.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Total Serum IgE in a Cohort of Children With Food Allergy.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2025Observational
- Association of cord blood vitamin D and genetic polymorphisms with childhood food allergy in Shanghai, China: a prospective cohort.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Metabolomic profiles during early childhood and risk of food allergies and asthma in multiethnic children from a prospective birth cohort.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Differences in Self-Reported Food Allergy and Food-Associated Anaphylaxis by Race and Ethnicity Among SAPPHIRE Cohort Participants.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2023Article
- Social disparities in early childhood prevention and management of food allergy.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Review
- Patterns of allergenic food introduction in Los Angeles inner-city children.Asia Pacific allergy · 2022Article
- Food allergy in children-the current status and the way forward.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2022Review
- Egg Allergy in Children and Weaning Diet.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Introduction of Heated Cow's Milk Protein in Challenge-Proven Cow's Milk Allergic Children: The iAGE Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Population-based incidence of food allergies in Olmsted County over 17 years.Allergy and asthma proceedings · 2022Article
- Atopic Manifestations in Children Born Preterm: A Long-Term Observational Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The airway as a route of sensitization to peanut: An update to the dual allergen exposure hypothesis.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- An Overview of the Relevance of IgG4 Antibodies in Allergic Disease with a Focus on Food Allergens.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A basophil-neuronal axis promotes itch.Cell · 2021Article
- Timing of exposure to environmental adjuvants is critical to mitigate peanut allergy.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Article
- The External Exposome and Food Allergy.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePrevious data suggest that food allergy (FA) might be more common in inner-city children; however, these studies have not collected data on both sensitization and clinical reactivity or early-life exposures.
methodsChildren in the Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma birth cohort were followed through age 5 years. Household exposures, diet, clinical history, and physical examinations were assessed yearly; levels of specific IgE to milk, egg, and peanut were measured at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years of age. On the basis of sensitization (IgE ≥0.35 kU/L) and clinical history over the 5-year period, children were classified as having FA or being possibly allergic, sensitized but tolerant, or not allergic/not sensitized.
resultsFive hundred sixteen children were included. Overall, 55.4% were sensitized (milk, 46.7%; egg, 31.0%; and peanut, 20.9%), whereas 9.9% were categorized as having FA (peanut, 6.0%; egg, 4.3%; and milk, 2.7%; 2.5% to >1 food). The remaining children were categorized as possibly allergic (17.0%), sensitized but tolerant (28.5%), and not sensitized (44.6%). Eighteen (3.5%) reported reactions to foods for which IgE levels were not measured. Food-specific IgE levels were similar in children with FA versus sensitized but tolerant children, except for egg, levels of which were higher in patients with FA at ages 1 and 2 years. FA was associated with recurrent wheeze, eczema, aeroallergen sensitization, male sex, breast-feeding, and lower endotoxin exposure in year 1 but not with race/ethnicity, income, tobacco exposure, maternal stress, or early introduction of solid foods.
conclusionsEven given that this was designed to be a high-risk cohort, the cumulative incidence of FA is extremely high, especially considering the strict definition of FA that was applied and that only 3 common allergens were included.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.