ArticleAnnals of botany2014
Developmental changes in guard cell wall structure and pectin composition in the moss Funaria: implications for function and evolution of stomata.
Article in Annals of botany, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary tuning of the molecular charge state of UBP24 shapes responses to high temperature.Nature plants · 2026Article
- Symplastic guard cell connections buffer pressure fluctuations to promote stomatal function in grasses.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- Article
- Gaining or cutting SLAC: the evolution of plant guard cell signalling pathways.The New phytologist · 2024Article
- Architecture and functions of stomatal cell walls in eudicots and grasses.Annals of botany · 2024Review
- Article
- The evolving views of the simplest pectic polysaccharides: homogalacturonan.Plant cell reports · 2022Review
- The Arabidopsis Rab protein RABC1 affects stomatal development by regulating lipid droplet dynamics.The Plant cell · 2022Article
- Stomata: the holey grail of plant evolution.American journal of botany · 2021Article
- Stomata and Sporophytes of the Model MossFrontiers in plant science · 2020Article
- Callose and homogalacturonan epitope distribution in stomatal complexes of Zea mays and Vigna sinensis.Protoplasma · 2020Article
- The Living FossilFrontiers in plant science · 2020Article
- With Over 60 Independent Losses, Stomata Are Expendable in Mosses.Frontiers in plant science · 2020Article
- An important role of l-fucose biosynthesis and protein fucosylation genes in Arabidopsis immunity.The New phytologist · 2019Article
- Contrasting pectin polymers in guard cell walls of Arabidopsis and the hornwort Phaeoceros reflect physiological differences.Annals of botany · 2019Article
- Cell polarity: compassing cell division and differentiation in plants.Current opinion in plant biology · 2018Review
- Zygotic embryo cell wall responses to drying in three gymnosperm species differing in seed desiccation sensitivity.Protoplasma · 2018Article
- Hornwort stomata do not respond actively to exogenous and environmental cues.Annals of botany · 2018Article
- The evolution of the stomatal apparatus: intercellular spaces and sporophyte water relations in bryophytes-two ignored dimensions.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2018Article
- Balancing Strength and Flexibility: How the Synthesis, Organization, and Modification of Guard Cell Walls Govern Stomatal Development and Dynamics.Frontiers in plant science · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsIn seed plants, the ability of guard cell walls to move is imparted by pectins. Arabinan rhamnogalacturonan I (RG1) pectins confer flexibility while unesterified homogalacturonan (HG) pectins impart rigidity. Recognized as the first extant plants with stomata, mosses are key to understanding guard cell function and evolution. Moss stomata open and close for only a short period during capsule expansion. This study examines the ultrastructure and pectin composition of guard cell walls during development in Funaria hygrometrica and relates these features to the limited movement of stomata.
methodsDeveloping stomata were examined and immunogold-labelled in transmission electron microscopy using monoclonal antibodies to five pectin epitopes: LM19 (unesterified HG), LM20 (esterified HG), LM5 (galactan RG1), LM6 (arabinan RG1) and LM13 (linear arabinan RG1). Labels for pectin type were quantitated and compared across walls and stages on replicated, independent samples. KEY
resultsWalls were four times thinner before pore formation than in mature stomata. When stomata opened and closed, guard cell walls were thin and pectinaceous before the striated internal and thickest layer was deposited. Unesterified HG localized strongly in early layers but weakly in the thick internal layer. Labelling was weak for esterified HG, absent for galactan RG1 and strong for arabinan RG1. Linear arabinan RG1 is the only pectin that exclusively labelled guard cell walls. Pectin content decreased but the proportion of HG to arabinans changed only slightly.
conclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate changes in pectin composition during stomatal development in any plant. Movement of Funaria stomata coincides with capsule expansion before layering of guard cell walls is complete. Changes in wall architecture coupled with a decrease in total pectin may be responsible for the inability of mature stomata to move. Specialization of guard cells in mosses involves the addition of linear arabinans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.