ArticleParasites & vectors2014
Activated microglia contribute to neuronal apoptosis in Toxoplasmic encephalitis.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Observing astrocyte polarization in brains from mouse chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Pathological mechanisms of glial cell activation and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders caused byFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Lentinan has a beneficial effect on cognitive deficits induced by chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Egress Regulatory Factors: HowPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Toxoplasmosis: Targeting neurotransmitter systems in psychiatric disorders.Metabolic brain disease · 2022Review
- LncRNA, an Emerging Approach for Neurological Diseases Treatment by Regulating Microglia Polarization.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Global MicroRNAs Expression Profile Analysis Reveals Possible Regulatory Mechanisms of Brain Injury Induced byFrontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- A role for T-cell exhaustion in Long COVID-19 and severe outcomes for several categories of COVID-19 patients.Journal of neuroscience research · 2021Review
- Respiratory syncytial virus infection of microglia exacerbates SH-SY5Y neuronal cell injury by inducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines: A TranswellIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2021Article
- Trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid protects against LPS-induced neuroinflammation through FOXO1-mediated activation of autophagy.European journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Ginsenoside Rh2 attenuates microglial activation against toxoplasmic encephalitis via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.Journal of ginseng research · 2020Article
- Catastrophic consequences: can the feline parasite Toxoplasma gondii prompt the purrfect neuroinflammatory storm following traumatic brain injury?Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Review
- Downregulation of lncRNA-11496 in the Brain Contributes to Microglia ApoptosisFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA plethora of evidence shows that activated microglia play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS). Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) frequently occurs in HIV/AIDS patients. However, knowledge remains limited on the contributions of activated microglia to the pathogenesis of TE.
methodsA murine model of reactivated encephalitis was generated in a latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii induced by cyclophosphamide. The neuronal apoptosis in the CNS and the profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines were assayed in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
resultsMicroglial cells were found to be activated in the cortex and hippocampus in the brain tissues of mice. The in vivo expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were up-regulated in TE mice, and accordingly, the neuronal apoptosis was significantly increased. The results were positively correlated with those of the in vitro experiments. Additionally,apoptosis of the mouse neuroblastoma type Neuro2a (N2a) remarkably increased when the N2a was co-cultured in transwell with microglial cells and Toxoplasma tachyzoites. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that minocycline (a microglia inhibitor) treatment notably reduced microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis.
conclusionsActivated microglia contribute to neuronal apoptosis in TE and inhibition of microglia activation might represent a novel therapeutic strategy of TE.
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