ArticleInternational journal of health geographics2014
Spatial epidemiology of dry eye disease: findings from South Korea.
Article in International journal of health geographics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Variations of dry eye disease prevalence by age, sex and geographic characteristics in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2018Pooled it
- Influence of environmental pollutants and climatic factors on ocular allergy and dry eye.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2026Article
- Association between air pollutant exposure and ocular surface, anterior and middle segment and fundus eye diseases: epidemiological and mechanism evidence.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Environmental Drivers of Dry Eye Disease: A Narrative Review of Pollutants, Climate, and Indoor Exposures with Practice Recommendations.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- The effect of 4.3 GHz high-power microwave exposure on human corneal epithelial cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Temperature, Humidity and Regional Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease in Argentina.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Association between dry eye disease and temperature is modified by residential greenness: case-crossover study in Beijing, China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Dry Eye in Post-menopausal Women Visiting Community Eye Centre: An Observational Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Observational
- Delayed effects of the relative humidity on the outpatient visits of dry eye disease in Shanghai, China: effect modification by green and blue space.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between traffic-related air pollution and risk of outpatient visits for dry eye disease in a megacity along the subtropical coast in South China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- From Symptoms to Satisfaction: Optimizing Patient-Centered Care in Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Nonlinear effects of humidex on risk for asthenopia among adults: a national cross-sectional survey in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Corneal protective effects of a new ophthalmic formulation based on vitamin B12 and sodium hyaluronate.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Understanding the Dry Eye Disease-Related Symptoms in South America: Prevalence and Associated Factors-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease: Considerations for Clinical Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Adverse effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on dry eye disease: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Dry Eye Disease: An Update on Changing Perspectives on Causes, Diagnosis, and Management.Cureus · 2024Review
- The miR-183/96/182 cluster regulates sensory innervation, resident myeloid cells and functions of the cornea through cell type-specific target genes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Time-series analysis of the association between air pollution exposure and outpatient visits for dry eye disease: a case study in Zhengzhou, China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDED rate maps from diverse regions may allow us to understand world-wide spreading pattern of the disease. Only few studies compared the prevalence of DED between geographical regions in non-spatial context. Therefore, we examined the spatial epidemiological pattern of DED prevalence in South Korea using a nationally representative sample.
methodsWe analyzed 16,431 Korean adults aged 30 years or older of the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. DED was defined as previously diagnosed by an ophthalmologist as well as symptoms experienced. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the spatial pattern in the prevalence of DED, and effects of environmental factors.
resultsAmong seven metropolitan cities and nine provinces, three metropolitan cities located in the southeast of Korea revealed the highest prevalence of DED. After adjusting for sex, age and survey year, people living in urban areas had higher risk of having DED. Adjusted odds ratio for having previously diagnosed DED was 1.677 (95% CI 1.299-2.166) for metropolitan cities and 1.580 (95% CI 1.215-2.055) for other cities compared to rural areas. Corresponding odds ratio for presenting DED symptoms was 1.388 (95% CI 1.090-1.766) for metropolitan cities and 1.271 (95% CI 0.999-1.617) for other cities. Lower humidity and longer sunshine duration were significantly associated with DED. Among air pollutants, SO2 was associated with DED, while NO2, O3, CO, and PM10 were not.
conclusionOur findings suggest that prevalence of DED can be affected by the degree of urbanization and environmental factors such as humidity and sunshine duration.
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