Trial reportAIDS research and human retroviruses2014
Immunomodulation of antiretroviral drug-suppressed chronic HIV-1 infection in an oral probiotic double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Trial report in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of probiotic as adjuvant in treating various infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on CD4 Counts in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2020Pooled it
- The impact of synbiotic on serum sCD163/sTWEAK, paraoxonase 1, and lipoproteins in patients with chronic heart failure: a randomized, triple-blind, controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Probiotic supplementation promotes a reduction in T-cell activation, an increase in Th17 frequencies, and a recovery of intestinal epithelium integrity and mitochondrial morphology in ART-treated HIV-1-positive patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2017Trial
- Emerging prospects of Bacillus species in attaining the sustainable development goals.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- HIV, opioid use, and alterations to the gut microbiome: elucidating independent and synergistic effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- I've looked at gut from both sides now: Gastrointestinal tract involvement in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV/SIV infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Walk on the wild side: SIV infection in African non-human primate hosts-from the field to the laboratory.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- A Step Closer to the "Fourth 90": A Practical Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Management of Nutritional Issues of People Living with HIV.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Nutrition in HIV-Infected Infants and Children: Current Knowledge, Existing Challenges, and New Dietary Management Opportunities.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
- Lights and Shadows of Microbiota Modulation and Cardiovascular Risk in HIV Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Intestinal Microbiota-A Promising Target for Antiviral Therapy?Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Effects of Probiotics on Diarrhea and CD4 Cell Count in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Strategies to Reduce Comorbidity Risk in People with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Gut Microbiome Alterations During HIV/SIV Infection: Implications for HIV Cure.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Richer gut microbiota with distinct metabolic profile in HIV infected Elite Controllers.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Microbiota and Probiotics in Health and HIV Infection.Nutrients · 2017Review
- Review
- The gut microbiome and HIV-1 pathogenesis: a two-way street.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Review
- Probiotics in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Evidence Synthesis of Benefits and Risks.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A putative source of inappropriate immune activation that drives human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 immunopathogenesis is the gastrointestinal tract. Even with effective antiretroviral treatment, residual activation persists. We hypothesized that an oral probiotic could improve the residual immune activation in chronic treated HIV-1 infection, and tested a Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 capsule probiotic in HIV-1-infected persons with suppressed viremia on stable antiretroviral therapy in a 3-month double-blind placebo-controlled trial (10 probiotic, 7 placebo). The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was administered monthly. Blood was tested at the start and end of placebo/probiotic administration for viremia, CD4(+) T cell percentage/concentration, soluble (s)CD14, soluble intestinal fatty acid binding protein, sCD163, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α. All participants maintained viremia <40 RNA copies/ml. The probiotic was safe and well tolerated, and appeared to improve chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Its administration was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of blood CD4(+) T cells compared to placebo (+2.8% versus -1.8%, p=0.018) although CD4(+) T cell concentrations were generally unchanged in both groups. None of the biomarkers showed significant changes on probiotic treatment or between-group differences in change (although significance was borderline for a greater sCD163 drop in the probiotic versus placebo group, p=0.05). Some biomarkers showed significant correlations to each other, particularly D-dimer with CRP and sCD14 with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. These data demonstrate the safety and possible benefit of this probiotic for residual inflammation in treated HIV-1 infection, although further study will be required to determine the immune pathways involved.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.