ArticleParasites & vectors2014
Circulation of four Anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotypes in Europe.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers.
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Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- The Roles of Contrasting Host Types on the Environmental Abundance ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Turning urban wildlife mortality into a surveillance tool: Detection of vector-borne pathogens in carcasses of hedgehogs, squirrels, and blackbirds.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Sympatric Occurrence of Five Exophilic Tick Species in the Levice Region (Southwestern Slovakia) and Their Infection with Tick-Borne Pathogens.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) and Ixodes inopinatus × I. ricinus hybrids in Central Europe: no link to bird diversity or abundance.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia aktasi in a wild bezoar goat (Capra aegagrus): Overlap with domestic goat strains.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2026Article
- A novel ecotype of Anaplasma phagocytophilum complex in questing Ixodes fuscipes ticks.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- From reservoirs to ecological integrators: the role of EuropeanFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Exploration of geographical population structure ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) as potential vectors of bacterial and protozoan pathogens in Slovakia.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Spatial Heterogeneity of Tick-Borne Pathogens Outpaces Genetic Structuring in Anatolian Dermacentor reticulatus Populations.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Environmental hazard of tick-borne diseases in urban and peri-urban sites in an endemic area of eastern France.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2026Article
- Molecular analysis of vector-borne pathogens in red foxes (International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
- Retrospective Multicenter Study of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, France, 2012-2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Molecular detection and characterization ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
- The role of deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena and Neolipoptena) in occupational and public health.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Investigation of avian louse flies as potential vectors of protozoan and bacterial pathogens of veterinary importance.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- First molecular detection Anaplasma phagocytophilum in sheep in Brazil.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Arthropod-borne pathogens in European bisonInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiological agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans and animals. Wild animals and ticks play key roles in the enzootic cycles of the pathogen. Potential ecotypes of A. phagocytophilum have been characterized genetically, but their host range, zoonotic potential and transmission dynamics has only incompletely been resolved.
methodsThe presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA was determined in more than 6000 ixodid ticks collected from the vegetation and wildlife, in 289 tissue samples from wild and domestic animals, and 69 keds collected from deer, originating from various geographic locations in The Netherlands and Belgium. From the qPCR-positive lysates, a fragment of the groEL-gene was amplified and sequenced. Additional groEL sequences from ticks and animals from Europe were obtained from GenBank, and sequences from human cases were obtained through literature searches. Statistical analyses were performed to identify A. phagocytophilum ecotypes, to assess their host range and their zoonotic potential. The population dynamics of A. phagocytophilum ecotypes was investigated using population genetic analyses.
resultsDNA of A. phagocytophilum was present in all stages of questing and feeding Ixodes ricinus, feeding I. hexagonus, I. frontalis, I. trianguliceps, and deer keds, but was absent in questing I. arboricola and Dermacentor reticulatus. DNA of A. phagocytophilum was present in feeding ticks and tissues from many vertebrates, including roe deer, mouflon, red foxes, wild boar, sheep and hedgehogs but was rarely found in rodents and birds and was absent in badgers and lizards. Four geographically dispersed A. phagocytophilum ecotypes were identified, that had significantly different host ranges. All sequences from human cases belonged to only one of these ecotypes. Based on population genetic parameters, the potentially zoonotic ecotype showed significant expansion.
conclusionFour ecotypes of A. phagocytophilum with differential enzootic cycles were identified. So far, all human cases clustered in only one of these ecotypes. The zoonotic ecotype has the broadest range of wildlife hosts. The expansion of the zoonotic A. phagocytophilum ecotype indicates a recent increase of the acarological risk of exposure of humans and animals.
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