ArticlePloS one2014
Toll-like receptor-3 is dispensable for the innate microRNA response to West Nile virus (WNV).
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innate immune sensing and vaccine strategies against West Nile virus: role of Toll-like receptors and viral evasion mechanisms.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Involvement of host microRNAs in flavivirus-induced neuropathology: An update.Journal of biosciences · 2022Review
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is down regulated after bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 infection in both wild-type and TLR3/7/9 deficient mice.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
- Innate immune responses to duck Tembusu virus infection.Veterinary research · 2020Review
- Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) restricts Zika virus replication in primary human corneal epithelial cells.The ocular surface · 2019Article
- West Nile virus infection and interferon alpha treatment alter the spectrum and the levels of coding and noncoding host RNAs secreted in extracellular vesicles.BMC genomics · 2019Article
- Extracellular vesicles from Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lymphoma induce long-term endothelial cell reprogramming.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- ITRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Proteome Profiles of Primary Duck Embryo Fibroblast Cells Infected with Duck Tembusu Virus.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- The Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Infectious Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Age-related alterations in immune responses to West Nile virus infection.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Review
- Role of Immune Aging in Susceptibility to West Nile Virus.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2016Review
- Human MicroRNA miR-532-5p Exhibits Antiviral Activity against West Nile Virus via Suppression of Host Genes SESTD1 and TAB3 Required for Virus Replication.Journal of virology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The innate immune response to West Nile virus (WNV) infection involves recognition through toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), leading to establishment of an antiviral state. MiRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be reliable biomarkers of TLR activation. Here, we sought to evaluate the contribution of TLR3 and miRNAs to the host response to WNV infection. We first analyzed HEK293-NULL and HEK293-TLR3 cells for changes in the innate immune response to infection. The presence of TLR3 did not seem to affect WNV load, infectivity or phosphorylation of IRF3. Analysis of experimentally validated NFκB-responsive genes revealed a WNV-induced signature largely independent of TLR3. Since miRNAs are involved in viral pathogenesis and the innate response to infection, we sought to identify changes in miRNA expression upon infection in the presence or absence of TLR3. MiRNA profiling revealed 70 miRNAs induced following WNV infection in a TLR3-independent manner. Further analysis of predicted gene targets of WNV signature miRNAs revealed genes highly associated with pathways regulating cell death, viral pathogenesis and immune cell trafficking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.