ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2014
A recombinant modified vaccinia ankara vaccine encoding Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) target antigens: a phase I trial in UK patients with EBV-positive cancer.
Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05714748 (A Phase I Study of mRNA Vaccine for Patients With EBV-positive Advanced Malignant Tumors), which is not on this map. Cited by 109 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I Study of mRNA Vaccine for Patients With EBV-positive Advanced Malignant Tumors
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 176 citations in OpenAlex.
- Four Decades of Prophylactic EBV Vaccine Research: A Systematic Review and Historical Perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- The current role of immunotherapy in treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: epidemiology, risk factors, signaling pathways, clinical features, diagnosis, and management.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Clinical Progress in Virotherapy: Application and Future Prospects in Head and Neck Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus-Mediated Apoptosis Evasion in Epithelial Malignancies: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Biology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Vaccines for Chronic Viral Infections: From Immune Modulation to Clinical Translation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Recent advances in Epstein-Barr virus vaccines development from mechanistic exploration to clinical translation.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation as a result of non-neurotropic herpesvirus infection.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Vaccines for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Immune escape mechanisms and therapeutic advances in virus-associated hematological malignancies.Blood cancer journal · 2026Review
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma at the Virology Precision Oncology Nexus: Decoding Molecular Alterations for Early Intervention and Therapeutic Innovation.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Epstein-barr virus and multiple sclerosis: from pathogenesis and diagnosis to EBV-specific T cell therapy and gene-targeted therapeutics.Journal of applied genetics · 2026Review
- Head and neck cancer therapeutic vaccines: a review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus associated diseases: Immune alterations and targeted approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 promotes tumorigenesis in a murine epithelial tumor model.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus pathogenesis and emerging control strategies.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- The gut microbiota in cancer immunity and immunotherapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- The growing interests in Epstein-Barr virus: A bibliometric analysis of research trends, collaborations, and emerging hotspots.Infectious medicine · 2025Article
- Novel Therapeutic Development for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Eliciting antitumor immunity via therapeutic cancer vaccines.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several cancers in which the tumor cells express EBV antigens EBNA1 and LMP2. A therapeutic vaccine comprising a recombinant vaccinia virus, MVA-EL, was designed to boost immunity to these tumor antigens. A phase I trial was conducted to demonstrate the safety and immunogenicity of MVA-EL across a range of doses. EXPERIMENTAL
designSixteen patients in the United Kingdom (UK) with EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) received three intradermal vaccinations of MVA-EL at 3-weekly intervals at dose levels between 5 × 10(7) and 5 × 10(8) plaque-forming units (pfu). Blood samples were taken at screening, after each vaccine cycle, and during the post-vaccination period. T-cell responses were measured using IFNγ ELISpot assays with overlapping EBNA1/LMP2 peptide mixes or HLA-matched epitope peptides. Polychromatic flow cytometry was used to characterize functionally responsive T-cell populations.
resultsVaccination was generally well tolerated. Immunity increased after vaccination to at least one antigen in 8 of 14 patients (7/14, EBNA1; 6/14, LMP2), including recognition of epitopes that vary between EBV strains associated with different ethnic groups. Immunophenotypic analysis revealed that vaccination induced differentiation and functional diversification of responsive T-cell populations specific for EBNA1 and LMP2 within the CD4 and CD8 compartments, respectively.
conclusionsMVA-EL is safe and immunogenic across diverse ethnicities and thus suitable for use in trials against different EBV-positive cancers globally as well as in South-East Asia where NPC is most common. The highest dose (5 × 10(8) pfu) is recommended for investigation in current phase IB and II trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.