Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25123991›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutical research2015

Investigation of the immunogenicity of different types of aggregates of a murine monoclonal antibody in mice.

Angelika J Freitag, Maliheh Shomali, Stylianos Michalakis, Martin Biel, Michael Siedler, Zehra Kaymakcalan, John F Carpenter, Theodore W Randolph, Gerhard Winter, Julia Engert

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Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  12. Evaluation ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019
    Article
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  15. Editor's Highlight: Subvisible Aggregates of Immunogenic Proteins Promote a Th1-Type Response.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2016
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Angelika J FreitagDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5, D-81377, Munich, Germany.
Maliheh Shomali
Stylianos Michalakis
Martin Biel
Michael Siedler
Zehra Kaymakcalan
John F Carpenter
Theodore W Randolph
Gerhard Winter
Julia Engert

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe potential contribution of protein aggregates to the unwanted immunogenicity of protein pharmaceuticals is a major concern. In the present study a murine monoclonal antibody was utilized to study the immunogenicity of different types of aggregates in mice. Samples containing defined types of aggregates were prepared by processes such as stirring, agitation, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light and exposure to elevated temperatures.

methodsAggregates were analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography, light obscuration, turbidimetry, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and UV spectroscopy. Samples were separated into fractions based on aggregate size by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation or by centrifugation. Samples containing different types and sizes of aggregates were subsequently administered to C57BL/6 J and BALB/c mice, and serum was analyzed for the presence of anti-IgG1, anti-IgG2a, anti-IgG2b and anti-IgG3 antibodies. In addition, the pharmacokinetic profile of the murine antibody was investigated.

resultsIn this study, samples containing high numbers of different types of aggregates were administered in order to challenge the in vivo system. The magnitude of immune response depends on the nature of the aggregates. The most immunogenic aggregates were of relatively large and insoluble nature, with perturbed, non-native structures.

conclusionThis study shows that not all protein drug aggregates are equally immunogenic.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibody FormationFemaleImmunogenetic PhenomenaImmunoglobulin GMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C57BLAntibodies, MonoclonalImmunoglobulin G

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.