ArticleAddictive behaviors2014
ADHD as a risk factor for early onset and heightened adult problem severity of illicit substance use: an accelerated gateway model.
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neurodevelopmental Effects of Cannabis Use in Adolescents and Emerging Adults with ADHD: A Systematic Review.Harvard review of psychiatryPooled it
- High vs. Low Intensity Behavior Therapy Delivered to Adolescents with ADHD: Potential Adverse Long-Term Effects on Substance Use Outcomes.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Trial
- Integrating Tobacco Prevention Skills into an Evidence-Based Intervention for Adolescents with ADHD: Results from a Pilot Efficacy Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2020Trial
- Correlates of cocaine use during methadone treatment: implications for screening and clinical management (ANRS Methaville study).Harm reduction journal · 2016Trial
- Early detection of adults ADHD using electronic health records: A machine learning study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- Understanding the Relationships between ADHD Symptoms and Cannabis-Related Consequences among Young Adults.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2025Article
- Alcohol and Disability Sports: Insights from Swiss Coaches.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Association between ADHD symptoms and illicit stimulants use following 1 year among French university students of the i-Share cohort.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Chronic oral methylphenidate plus fluoxetine treatment in adolescent rats increases cocaine self-administration.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of ADHD coming of age and a plea for prospective research on causes and consequences of ADHD throughout the lifespan in multidisciplinary team science.JCPP advances · 2023Article
- Exploring the Link Between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Cannabis Use Disorders: A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Review
- Right Superior Frontal Gyrus Cortical Thickness in Pediatric ADHD.Journal of attention disorders · 2022Article
- TOBACCO USE DISORDER AND DUAL DISORDERS Joint statement by the Spanish Psychiatry Society and the Spanish Dual Disorders Society.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2022Article
- Differences in alcohol and cannabis use amongst substance use disorder patients with and without comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2022Article
- Non-medical Use of Prescription Stimulants Among College Students: Non-oral Routes of Administration, Risk Factors, Motivations, and Pathways.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Subtypes, Co-Occurring Psychiatric Symptoms and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Adolescents Receiving Substance Abuse Treatment.Substance use & misuse · 2020Article
- Aberrant structural and functional connectivity and neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm children.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2018Review
- How Substance Users With ADHD Perceive the Relationship Between Substance Use and Emotional Functioning.Journal of attention disorders · 2018Article
- ANCO-GeneDB: annotations and comprehensive analysis of candidate genes for alcohol, nicotine, cocaine and opioid dependence.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2018Article
- Preschool hyperactivity is associated with long-term economic burden: evidence from a longitudinal health economic analysis of costs incurred across childhood, adolescence and young adulthood.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The primary aims of the present study were to assess ADHD history as a risk factor for earlier initiation and current use of licit and illicit substances among a sample of drug using adults. It was hypothesized that ADHD history would accelerate the Gateway Theory of drug use. Participants included 941 drug-using African American and Caucasian individuals in Baltimore, Maryland. The sample consisted of 124 (13.2%) participants who reported a history of ADHD and 817 (86.8%) who reported no history of ADHD. The accelerated gateway hypothesis was supported, as a history of self-reported ADHD was significantly associated with younger ages of initiation for alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and cocaine use. Participants with a history of ADHD were also more likely to engage in recent HIV-risk behavior, such as injection drug use and needle sharing. This study provides compelling data in support of an accelerated gateway model for substance use related to ADHD history and increased problem severity in adulthood. Targeted substance use prevention and intervention may be beneficial for those with ADHD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.