Trial reportJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2015
Hippocampal volume and the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine.
Trial report in Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain-based correlates of antidepressant response to ketamine: a comprehensive systematic review of neuroimaging studies.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Cognitive impairment and depression: Meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2021Pooled it
- Brain functional network correlates and predictors of the perioperative antidepressant effect of esketamine in breast cancer patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial using resting-state fMRI and graph theory.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Translating the immediate effects of S-Ketamine using hippocampal subfield analysis in healthy subjects-results of a randomized controlled trial.Translational psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Transient effects of multi-infusion ketamine augmentation on treatment-resistant depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression - An open-label three-week pilot study.Brain and behavior · 2020Trial
- Ketamine rapidly relieves acute suicidal ideation in cancer patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Oncotarget · 2017Trial
- Hippocampal subfield differences in people with and without recreational ketamine use: Insights from multi-modal neuroimaging.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Structural imaging predictors of ketamine response in treatment-resistant depression: a machine learning approach.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Ketamine rescues anhedonia by cell-type- and input-specific adaptations in the nucleus accumbens.Neuron · 2025Article
- Convolutional Neural Networks for the segmentation of hippocampal structures in postmortem MRI scans.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2025Article
- Ketamine - An Imperfect Wonder Drug?Biochemical pharmacology · 2024Review
- Hippocampal volume changes after (R,S)-ketamine administration in patients with major depressive disorder and healthy volunteers.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Limbic System Response to Psilocybin and Ketamine Administration in Rats: A Neurochemical and Behavioral Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Hippocampal and parahippocampal volume and function predict antidepressant response in patients with major depression: A multimodal neuroimaging study.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Neuroimaging-Derived Biomarkers of the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2023Review
- Hippocampal subfield volumes in treatment resistant depression and serial ketamine treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine: a review of actions with relevance to treatment-resistance and neuroprogression.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Anterior default mode network and posterior insular connectivity is predictive of depressive symptom reduction following serial ketamine infusion.Psychological medicine · 2022Article
- Ketamine for resistant depression: a scoping review.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2022Article
- Sex- and estrous-cycle dependent dorsal hippocampal phosphoproteomic changes induced by low-dose ketamine.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Accumulating evidence underscores the utility of ketamine in treating severely treatment-resistant depressed patients. We investigated the relationship between the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine and hippocampal volume, a biomarker of antidepressant treatment outcome. We gave 16 medication-free, major depressive disorder (MDD) patients a single, sub-anesthetic dose infusion of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg, over 40 min). We assessed depression severity pre-treatment, and at 24 h post-treatment, with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Prior to treatment, patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate their hippocampal volume: We obtained viable MRI data in 13 patients. Delta MADRS (post- minus pre-treatment) was significantly correlated with the pre-treatment volumes of the left hippocampus (r = 0.66; p = 0.01), but not the right hippocampus (r = 0.49; p = 0.09). The correlation between delta MADRS and the left hippocampus remained high (r > 0.6; p = 0.13), after controlling for several demographic and clinical variables, although the p value increased due to the reduced degree of freedom (df = 5). Ketamine exerts enhanced antidepressant effects in patients with a relatively smaller hippocampus, a patient population that has been repeatedly shown to be refractory to traditional antidepressants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.