SynthesisAmerican journal of public health2014
Systematic review of the effect of pictorial warnings on cigarette packages in smoking behavior.
Synthesis in American journal of public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 41 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effectiveness of graphic health warnings on tobacco products: a systematic review on perceived harm and quit intentions.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Measures Used in Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warning Experiments.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Pooled it
- The impact of strengthening cigarette pack warnings: Systematic review of longitudinal observational studies.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2016Pooled it
- Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies.Tobacco control · 2016Pooled it
- The downside of tobacco control? Smoking and self-stigma: A systematic review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2015Pooled it
- Effect of graphic warning label on acute changes in waterpipe tobacco smoking behavior, biomarkers of exposure and harm, and subjective effects in a randomized trial.Addictive behaviors · 2026Trial
- Effects of pictorial warning labels depicting lesser-known and well-known risks of smoking on viewing patterns, recall, and knowledge of smoking harms.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Perceptions of plain packaging and health warnings among university students in Turkey: a survey-based experiment.BMC public health · 2023Trial
- Impact of FDA-approved graphic front-of-package health warnings on attention, package choice, and quit intentions.American journal of health behavior · 2026Article
- Evolution of tobacco pack health warning labels in India- a timely consensus.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Google Trends Analysis of Interest in Smoking Cessation, Treatment Options, and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Following Tax Increase and Introduction of Pictorial Health Warnings in Germany.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
- Conversations about cigarette health warning labels and smoking cessation attempts in Mexico.Salud publica de Mexico · 2024Article
- Impact of Pictorial Health Warnings on Cigarette Packs among Current Smokers of Sub-Metropolitan City of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2024Article
- The effects of emotional distress on attentional bias toward cigarette warnings according to smokers' anxiety levels.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- A decade of tobacco control efforts: Implications for tobacco smoking prevalence in Eastern Mediterranean countries.PloS one · 2024Article
- Effects of immediate and distant health consequences: different types of health warning messages on sweets affect the purchase probability.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Healthy, nudged, and wise: Experimental evidence on the role of information salience in reducing tobacco intake.Health economics · 2022Article
- Effects of Pictorial Health Warnings on Cognitive, Affective, and Smoking Behavior: A Mixed Methods Study in Four Cities in Indonesia.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
- Effect of magnification and changes in tobacco pictorial warning on asceticism of tobacco use: An exploratory survey.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2020Article
- Protocol for creating new warnings on cigarette packs and evaluating their efficacy in a randomised experimental setting.BMJ open · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We used a structured approach to assess whether active smokers presented with pictorial warnings on cigarette packages (PWCP) had a higher probability of quitting, reducing, and attempting to quit smoking than did unexposed smokers. We identified 21 articles from among nearly 2500 published between 1993 and 2013, prioritizing coverage over relevance or quality because we expected to find only a few studies with behavioral outcomes. We found very large heterogeneity across studies, poor or very poor methodological quality, and generally null or conflicting findings for any explored outcome. The evidence for or against the use of PWCP is insufficient, suggesting that any effect of PWCP on behavior would be modest. Determining the single impact of PWCP on behavior requires studies with strong methodological designs and longer follow-up periods.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.