ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2014
Implementation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic strategies in early research phases of drug discovery and development at Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Meta-analysis of material properties influencing nanoparticle plasma pharmacokinetics.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Pooled it
- Engineered tissues and strategies to overcome challenges in drug development.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of a Transdermal Fentanyl Solution in Suffolk Sheep (Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2017Trial
- An Open-Access Dialysis Membrane-Integrated Microfluidic Device for Generating Drug Exposure Profiles Through Molecular-Weight-Dependent Transport.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Pharmacokinetic Characterization of the Gastrointestinal Acute Radiation Syndrome Mitigator YK-4-250 in Male and Female Mice Under Non-Irradiated and Partial Body Irradiation Conditions.Research square · 2026Article
- Modelling the role of the microbiome in antimicrobial resistance across scales.Nature microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Translational Quantitative Proteomic Assay for Bacteriophages: A New Frontier in Phage Pharmaceutical Development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- T-World Virtual Human Cardiomyocyte. II. Organ-Scale Simulations and Applications.Circulation research · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations in Special Populations: A Call to Action.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Intracellular Pharmacokinetics of Antidiabetic Drugs: A Focused Narrative Review of Subcellular Distribution (2015-2025).Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Biased Allosteric Modulation in GPCR Drug Discovery.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2026Review
- Comparative pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence of nine oral ivermectin formulations in dogs.Journal of veterinary science · 2025Article
- N-Glycosylation of Antibodies: Biological Effects During Infections and Therapeutic Applications.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Identification of potential VP40 inhibitor of Marburg virus through molecular docking, pharmacokinetic analysis and molecular dynamics simulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of benznidazole and its antitrypanosomal activity in a murine model of chronic Chagas disease.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Advanced Artificial Intelligence Technologies Transforming Contemporary Pharmaceutical Research.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- New insights of cerium oxide nanoparticles in head and neck cancer treatment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Advances in reversible covalent kinase inhibitors.Medicinal research reviews · 2025Review
- Discovery of new benzothiazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrid-based hydrazone/thiosemicarbazone derivatives as potent EGFR inhibitors with cytotoxicity against cancer.RSC advances · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Characterizing the relationship between the pharmacokinetics (PK, concentration vs. time) and pharmacodynamics (PD, effect vs. time) is an important tool in the discovery and development of new drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this publication is to serve as a guide for drug discovery scientists toward optimal design and conduct of PK/PD studies in the research phase. This review is a result of the collaborative efforts of DMPK scientists from various Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic (MAP) departments of the global organization Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research (NIBR). We recommend that PK/PD strategies be implemented in early research phases of drug discovery projects to enable successful transition to drug development. Effective PK/PD study design, analysis, and interpretation can help scientists elucidate the relationship between PK and PD, understand the mechanism of drug action, and identify PK properties for further improvement and optimal compound design. Additionally, PK/PD modeling can help increase the translation of in vitro compound potency to the in vivo setting, reduce the number of in vivo animal studies, and improve translation of findings from preclinical species into the clinical setting. This review focuses on three important elements of successful PK/PD studies, namely partnership among key scientists involved in the study execution; parameters that influence study designs; and data analysis and interpretation. Specific examples and case studies are highlighted to help demonstrate key points for consideration. The intent is to provide a broad PK/PD foundation for colleagues in the pharmaceutical industry and serve as a tool to promote appropriate discussions on early research project teams with key scientists involved in PK/PD studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.