ArticleNature2014
AhR sensing of bacterial pigments regulates antibacterial defence.
Article in Nature, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 212 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
212 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 362 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Alcohol on the Intestinal Immune System.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis: from immunological mechanisms to translational applications.Cell insight · 2026Review
- CPT1A-mediated IDO1 succinylation shapes EGFRvIII-driven resistance to tumor electric field therapy in glioblastoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived volatile organic compounds modulate AhR signaling to dysregulate airway mucus homeostasis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Toxicity and Cytotoxicity Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pyocyanin in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Article
- Functional segregation of HIF-1α and AhR controls NK cell responsiveness under hypoxia.iScience · 2026Article
- The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: structure, signaling, physiology and pathology.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- ALDH3A1-dependent Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway supports AHR as a promising therapeutic target for ferroptosis and promotes imperatorin-mediated lung protection.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- How do immunometabolites shape bacterial infections?PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Lesion-specific features of macrophage polarization contribute toFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1 enzymes in acute lung injury: from molecular insights to therapeutic implications.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2025Review
- Impact of Hericium erinaceus and Ganoderma lucidum metabolites on AhR activation in neuronal HT-22 cells.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- Lactucopicrin: A Sesquiterpene Lactone with Anti-Inflammatory Activity Modulates the Crosstalk between NF-kB and AHR Pathways.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Vitamin K3 Analog Phthiocol Protects Against High Phosphate-Induced Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Phenazines contribute to microbiome dynamics by targeting topoisomerase IV.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Patterns of pathogenesis in innate immunity: insights from C. elegans.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Biological and clinical implications of a model of surveillance immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Article
- Circulating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Is Associated with Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Using the Key Characteristics Framework to Unlock the Mysteries of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Effects on the Immune System.Annual review of immunology · 2025Review
152 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a highly conserved ligand-dependent transcription factor that senses environmental toxins and endogenous ligands, thereby inducing detoxifying enzymes and modulating immune cell differentiation and responses. We hypothesized that AhR evolved to sense not only environmental pollutants but also microbial insults. We characterized bacterial pigmented virulence factors, namely the phenazines from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the naphthoquinone phthiocol from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as ligands of AhR. Upon ligand binding, AhR activation leads to virulence factor degradation and regulated cytokine and chemokine production. The relevance of AhR to host defence is underlined by heightened susceptibility of AhR-deficient mice to both P. aeruginosa and M. tuberculosis. Thus, we demonstrate that AhR senses distinct bacterial virulence factors and controls antibacterial responses, supporting a previously unidentified role for AhR as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, and identify bacterial pigments as a new class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.