ReviewJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2014
HIV and noncommunicable cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases in low- and middle-income countries in the ART era: what we know and best directions for future research.
Review in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Temporal shifts in antiretroviral therapy regimens and metabolic outcomes in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.HIV medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Burden of metabolic syndrome in the global adult HIV-infected population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Toxic Metals and Non-Communicable Diseases in HIV Population: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The association between HIV and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2017Pooled it
- The association between alcohol use and cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV: a systematic review.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2015Pooled it
- Integration of a task strengthening strategy for hypertension management into HIV care in Nigeria: Baseline characteristics of participants in a cluster randomized controlled trial.American heart journal · 2026Trial
- Initiation of dolutegravir vs efavirenz on 12- and 24-month weight, body mass index, blood pressure, and incident hypertension: A target trial emulation.Annals of epidemiology · 2026Trial
- Food insecurity is associated with greater difficulty accessing care among people living with HIV with or without comorbid non-communicable diseases in western Kenya.BMJ global health · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of a psychological intervention delivered by general nurses for alcohol use disorders in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe: a cluster randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Trial
- Blood lead exposure, renal hyperfiltration, and accelerated kidney function decline among people living with HIV in northern Tanzania: A longitudinal cohort study.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Physical activity and hypertension amongst HIV-positive and HIV-negative populations in rural South Africa.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Observational
- Correlates of Poor Quality of Life Among Older People Living With HIV: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Tanzania HIV and Aging Cohort Study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance for screening and monitoring cardiomyopathy in people living with HIV: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Article
- Healthcare provider and health system leader perspectives on barriers to hypertension care in Malawi: insights from integrated and non-integrated HIV care settings.Global health action · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension and diabetes among persons living with HIV in Zambia: results of a national facility-based cross-sectional survey.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Perceptions of body size and non-communicable disease risk among people with HIV in Nairobi, Kenya: an explanatory mixed-methods study.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- High rate of uncontrolled hypertension among adults receiving integrated HIV and hypertension care with aligned multi-month dispensing in Malawi: results from a cross-sectional survey and retrospective chart review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- "I only seek treatment when I am ill": experiences of hypertension and diabetes care among adults living with HIV in urban Tanzania.BMC health services research · 2024Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
With the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV is becoming a chronic disease. HIV-seropositive (+) patients on ART can expect to live longer and, as a result, they are at risk of developing chronic noncommunicable diseases related to factors, such as aging, lifestyle, long-term HIV infection, and the potential adverse effects of ART. Although data are incomplete, evidence suggests that even in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases are increasing in HIV-positive patients. This review summarizes evidence-linking HIV infection to the most commonly cited chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions in LMICs: heart failure, hypertension, coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction, stroke, obstructive lung diseases, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. We describe the observed epidemiology of these conditions, factors affecting expression in LMICs, and key populations that may be at higher risk (ie, illicit drug users and children), and finally, we suggest that strategic areas of research and training intended to counter these conditions effectively. As access to ART in LMICs increases, long-term outcomes among HIV-positive persons will increasingly be determined by a range of associated chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary complications. Actions taken now to identify those conditions that contribute to long-term morbidity and mortality optimize early recognition and diagnosis and implement effective prevention strategies and/or disease interventions are likely to have the greatest impact on limiting cardiovascular and pulmonary disease comorbidity and improving population health among HIV-positive patients in LMICs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.