Trial reportJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2014
Changes in proteinuria and albuminuria with initiation of antiretroviral therapy: data from a randomized trial comparing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine versus abacavir/lamivudine.
Trial report in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zidovudine/Lamivudine vs. Abacavir/Lamivudine vs. Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in fixed-dose combinations as initial treatment for HIV patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Colombia medica (Cali, Colombia) · 2017Pooled it
- Proteinuria and albuminuria among a global primary cardiovascular disease prevention cohort of people with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Race/Ethnicity and Protease Inhibitor Use Influence Plasma Tenofovir Exposure in Adults Living with HIV-1 in AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5202.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Trial
- Impact of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy on estimated glomerular filtration rate in HIV-positive individuals in the START trial.International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2017Trial
- Bone mineral density reductions after tenofovir disoproxil fumarate initiation and changes in phosphaturia: a secondary analysis of ACTG A5224s.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2017Trial
- Urine-based HIV-1 self-testing in China: A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy and usability study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Moderate agreement between the spot albumin‒Creatinine ratio (ACR) and urine albumin (UA) among virally suppressed adults living with HIV in botswana: a cross sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Prospective longitudinal assessment of Albumin-to-Creatinine ratio (ACR) in a clinical cohort of people living with HIV in Gaborone, Botswana.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- High prevalence of albuminuria among adult males living with HIV in Botswana.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Bearing the Burden of Non-AIDS Comorbidities: This Is What Women Aging With Human Immunodefiency Virus Look Like.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- The Prevalence and Burden of Non-AIDS Comorbidities Among Women Living With or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- The Impact of Immunosuppression on Chronic Kidney Disease in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The D:A:D Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Potential kidney toxicity from the antiviral drug tenofovir: new indications, new formulations, and a new prodrug.Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension · 2018Review
- Higher tenofovir exposure is associated with longitudinal declines in kidney function in women living with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
- Markers of renal disease and function are associated with systemic inflammation in HIV infection.HIV medicine · 2015Article
- Proteinuria is common among HIV patients: what are we missing?Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with improved kidney function; however, the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has been associated with decreased kidney function and proteinuria.
methodsWe examined changes in urine protein:creatinine (UPCR) and urine albumin:creatinine (UACR) ratios in 245 ART-naive participants in A5202 randomized in a substudy to blinded NRTI (abacavir/lamivudine, ABC/3TC, n = 124 or TDF/emtricitabine, TDF/FTC, n = 121) with open-label protease inhibitor (PI) atazanavir/ritonavir or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) efavirenz.
resultsAt baseline, 18% of participants had clinically significant proteinuria (UPCR ≥200 mg/g), and 11% had clinically significant albuminuria (UACR ≥30 mg/g). The prevalence of clinically significant proteinuria and albuminuria decreased from baseline to week 96 in all treatment groups. In intention-to-treat analyses, there was a significant effect of NRTI component on fold change in UPCR (P = 0.011) and UACR (P = 0.018) from baseline to week 96, with greater improvements in participants randomized to ABC/3TC. There was no significant effect of NNRTI/PI component on fold change in UPCR (P = 0.23) or UACR (P = 0.88), and no significant interactions between NRTI and NNRTI/PI components.
conclusionsIn this prespecified secondary analysis, ART initiation was associated with improvements in proteinuria and albuminuria, with significantly greater improvements in participants randomized to ABC/3TC versus TDF/FTC. These are the first data from a randomized trial to suggest that initiation of TDF/FTC may not be associated with the same degree of improvement in proteinuria and albuminuria that have been reported with other regimens. Future studies should consider the long-term clinical significance of these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.