ArticlePloS one2014
Progression of cardio-metabolic risk factors in subjects born small and large for gestational age.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in neonates and children born SGA. A systematic review and metanalysis.Endocrine · 2025Pooled it
- Quality improvement initiatives for hospitalised small and sick newborns in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2018Pooled it
- Prenatal factors shaping adolescent cardiovascular function and cardiometabolic risk trajectories.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Maternal Birth Weight FromJournal of pregnancy · 2025Article
- Earlier Menarche in Greek Girls Born by Caesarean Section: A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The impact of reference growth standards on small- and large-for-gestational age outcomes among pregnancies conceived by fresh and frozen embryo transfers.F&S reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Birthweight trends and their explanatory factors in Hungary between 1999 and 2018: an analysis of the Hungarian Tauffer registry.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Effect of post-vitrification cryopreservation duration on singleton birth-weight in frozen-thawed blastocysts transfer cycles.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Observational
- Postnatal levels of glycated albumin and glycated hemoglobin A1c in mothers of large-for-gestational-age newborns.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Methylation analysis by targeted bisulfite sequencing in large for gestational age (LGA) newborns: the LARGAN cohort.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- Lipid Profile in Children Born Small for Gestational Age.Nutrients · 2023Article
- The impact of macrosomia on cardiometabolic health in preteens: findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2023Article
- Association of size for gestational age and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate with cardiometabolic risk in central precocious puberty girls.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Effect of development speed and quality of blastocyst on singleton birthweight in single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Regional references vs. international standards for assessing weight and length by gestational age in Lithuanian neonates.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Birth size, growth trajectory and later cardio-metabolic risk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Genome-wide placental DNA methylations in fetal overgrowth and associations with leptin, adiponectin and fetal growth factors.Clinical epigenetics · 2022Article
- Childhood obesity and adverse cardiometabolic risk in large for gestational age infants and potential early preventive strategies: a narrative review.Pediatric research · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSubjects born small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age have an increased risk of cardio-metabolic alterations already during prepuberty. Nevertheless, the progression of their cardio-metabolic profile from childhood to adolescence has not been fully explored. Our aim was to assess potential changes in the cardio-metabolic profile from childhood to adolescence in subjects born SGA and LGA compared to those born appropriate (AGA) for gestational age.
methodsThis longitudinal study included 35 AGA, 24 SGA and 31 LGA subjects evaluated during childhood (mean age (± SD) 8.4 ± 1.4 yr) and then re-assessed during adolescence (mean age 13.3 ± 1.8 yr). BMI, blood pressure, insulin resistance (fasting insulin, HOMA-IR) and lipids were assessed. A cardio-metabolic risk z-score was applied and this consisted in calculating the sum of sex-specific z-scores for BMI, blood pressure, HOMA-IR, triglycerides and triglycerides:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio.
resultsFasting insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in SGA and LGA than AGA subjects both during childhood (all P<0.01) and adolescence (all P<0.01). Similarly, the clustered cardio-metabolic risk score was higher in SGA and LGA than AGA children (both P<0.05), and these differences among groups increased during adolescence (both P<0.05). Of note, a progression of the clustered cardio-metabolic risk score was observed from childhood to adolescence within SGA and within LGA subjects (both P<0.05).
conclusionsSGA and LGA subjects showed an adverse cardio-metabolic profile during childhood when compared to AGA peers, with a worsening of this profile during adolescence. These findings indicate an overtime progression of insulin resistance and overall estimated cardiovascular risk from childhood to adolescence in SGA and LGA populations.
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