ReviewBiotechnology advances2014
Three-dimensional in vitro tumor models for cancer research and drug evaluation.
Review in Biotechnology advances, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 195 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
195 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 460 citations in OpenAlex.
- Models of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Temporal Analysis.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2026Pooled it
- Relevance of humanized three-dimensional tumor tissue models: a descriptive systematic literature review.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2020Pooled it
- Development of gelatin based cryogel model for drug screening application in osteosarcoma.RSC advances · 2026Article
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- Article
- Toward More Translational Tumor Models: Breast dECM-Based 3D Systems Capture Native Microenvironmental Cues.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Tailorable porous collagen hydrogels as a physiologically relevant platform for extrachromosomal DNA-associated colorectal cancer research.Theranostics · 2026Article
- A nutrient-responsive cancer-on-chip model for assessing chemotherapy responses under glucose restriction.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional cell sheet model improvesBioactive materials · 2025Article
- Advancement in Scaffold-Based 3D Cell Culture Models for Osteosarcoma Drug Screening.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Review
- Glycosaminoglycans Targeted by Colchicine in MCF-7 Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Assessing the potential of bacterial signal peptides for radiopharmaceutical applications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Patient-derived xenograft model: Applications and challenges in liver cancer.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- TGFβ1 and RGD Cooperatively Regulate SMAD2/3-Mediated Oncogenic Effects in Prostate Cancer Cells in Bio-Orthogonally Constructed Hydrogels.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Antagonizing the S1P-S1P3 Axis as a Promising Anti-Angiogenic Strategy.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Exploring Mechanical Features of 3D Head and Neck Cancer Models.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Plasticity of Expression of Stem Cell and EMT Markers in Breast Cancer Cells in 2D and 3D Culture Depend on the Spatial Parameters of Cell Growth; Mathematical Modeling of Mechanical Stress in Cell Culture in Relation to ECM Stiffness.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Review on Bone Tumor Management: Cutting-Edge Strategies in Bone Grafting, Bone Graft Substitute, and Growth Factors for Defect Reconstruction.Orthopedic research and reviews · 2025Review
- In vitro cellular interaction of drug-loaded liposomes with 2D and 3D cell culture of U87-MG cell line.PloS one · 2025Article
- In Vitro Models to Compare the Duration of Action of New Therapeutic Scaffolds and Drug Eluting Medical Devices.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
135 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer occurs when cells acquire genomic instability and inflammation, produce abnormal levels of epigenetic factors/proteins and tumor suppressors, reprogram the energy metabolism and evade immune destruction, leading to the disruption of cell cycle/normal growth. An early event in carcinogenesis is loss of polarity and detachment from the natural basement membrane, allowing cells to form distinct three-dimensional (3D) structures that interact with each other and with the surrounding microenvironment. Although valuable information has been accumulated from traditional in vitro studies in which cells are grown on flat and hard plastic surfaces (2D culture), this culture condition does not reflect the essential features of tumor tissues. Further, fundamental understanding of cancer metastasis cannot be obtained readily from 2D studies because they lack the complex and dynamic cell-cell communications and cell-matrix interactions that occur during cancer metastasis. These shortcomings, along with lack of spatial depth and cell connectivity, limit the applicability of 2D cultures to accurate testing of pharmacologically active compounds, free or sequestered in nanoparticles. To recapitulate features of native tumor microenvironments, various biomimetic 3D tumor models have been developed to incorporate cancer and stromal cells, relevant matrix components, and biochemical and biophysical cues, into one spatially and temporally integrated system. In this article, we review recent advances in creating 3D tumor models employing tissue engineering principles. We then evaluate the utilities of these novel models for the testing of anticancer drugs and their delivery systems. We highlight the profound differences in responses from 3D in vitro tumors and conventional monolayer cultures. Overall, strategic integration of biological principles and engineering approaches will both improve understanding of tumor progression and invasion and support discovery of more personalized first line treatments for cancer patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.