Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25116635›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2014

Global monitoring of water supply and sanitation: history, methods and future challenges.

Jamie Bartram, Clarissa Brocklehurst, Michael B Fisher, Rolf Luyendijk, Rifat Hossain, Tessa Wardlaw, Bruce Gordon

Abstract readHistorical ArticleReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Indicators for Monitoring Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Systematic Review of Indicator Selection Methods.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Using Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Methods to Assess Household Water Access and Sanitation Coverage in the SHINE Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2015
    Trial
  4. Article
  5. TiONanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  6. Prevalence ofInternational journal of microbiology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Racial and ethnic disparities in access to safe water and sanitation in high-income countries: a case study among the Arab-Bedouins of Southern Israel.Journal of water, sanitation, and hygiene for development : a journal of the International Water Association · 2023
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Transboundary Water Cooperation in the Post-Cold War Era: Spatial Patterns and the Role of Proximity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jamie BartramDepartment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. jbartram@email.unc.edu.
Clarissa BrocklehurstDepartment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. clarissa.brocklehurst@gmail.com.
Michael B FisherDepartment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. fishermb@email.unc.edu.
Rolf LuyendijkThe United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), New York, NY 10017, USA. rluyendijk@unicef.org.
Rifat HossainDivision of Public Health and the Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva 1211, Switzerland. hossainr@who.int.
Tessa WardlawThe United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), New York, NY 10017, USA. twardlaw@unicef.org.
Bruce GordonDivision of Public Health and the Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva 1211, Switzerland. gordonb@who.int.

Funding

Biostatstics for Research in Environmental HealthT32ES007018 · NIEHS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Stephanie Engel, Rebecca Fry · 1985 to 2026
$31.3M
NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007018NIEHS NIH HHS T32ES007018World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

International monitoring of drinking water and sanitation shapes awareness of countries' needs and informs policy, implementation and research efforts to extend and improve services. The Millennium Development Goals established global targets for drinking water and sanitation access; progress towards these targets, facilitated by international monitoring, has contributed to reducing the global disease burden and increasing quality of life. The experiences of the MDG period generated important lessons about the strengths and limitations of current approaches to defining and monitoring access to drinking water and sanitation. The methods by which the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) of WHO and UNICEF tracks access and progress are based on analysis of data from household surveys and linear regression modelling of these results over time. These methods provide nationally representative and internationally comparable insights into the drinking water and sanitation facilities used by populations worldwide, but also have substantial limitations: current methods do not address water quality, equity of access, or extra-household services. Improved statistical methods are needed to better model temporal trends. This article describes and critically reviews JMP methods in detail for the first time. It also explores the impact of, and future directions for, international monitoring of drinking water and sanitation.

Indexed as

Environmental MonitoringSanitationWater SupplyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 21st CenturyInternational CooperationUnited NationsWorld Health Organization

Identifiers

PMID25116635
PMCPMC4143854

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.