ReviewWorld journal of clinical oncology2014
Toremifene in the treatment of breast cancer.
Review in World journal of clinical oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toremifene-induced bilateral macular crystalline deposits with cystic cavitation: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting estrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer for novel therapies resistance mechanisms and future directions.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Integrative multi-omics reveals common and distinct pathogenic mechanisms and preoperative diagnostic signatures in breast fibroepithelial lesions.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Estrogen Receptors as Key Factors in Carcinogenesis.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Treating ER-positive breast cancer: a review of the current FDA-approved SERMs and SERDs and their mechanisms of action.Oncology reviews · 2025Review
- Rebalancing immunity: The emerging role of selective estrogen receptor modulators in immunity and autoimmunity.Current trends in immunology · 2025Article
- Decoding estrogen receptor and GPER biology: structural insights and therapeutic advances in ERα-positive breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Analysis of the Main Directions in the Development of Mono and Combination Pharmacotherapy Acting on Hormonal Signaling Pathways of Breast Cancer According to the FDA Databases and Clinicaltrials.gov.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Catalysts of Healing: A Symphony of Synthesis and Clinical Artistry in Small-Molecule Agents for Breast Cancer Alleviation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Toremifene, an Alternative Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy, Is Better Than Tamoxifen in Breast Cancer Patients with CYP2D6*10 Mutant Genotypes.Cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- High-Throughput Screening of the Repurposing Hub Library to Identify Drugs with Novel Inhibitory Activity againstJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A review of FDA approved drugs and their formulations for the treatment of breast cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and RNA dependent RNA polymerase as targets for drug and vaccine development: A review.Biosafety and health · 2021Review
- Incident Type 2 Diabetes Risk of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators in Female Patients with Breast Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Effects of Tamoxifen vs. Toremifene on fatty liver development and lipid profiles in breast Cancer.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- Repurposing of FDA-Approved Toremifene to Treat COVID-19 by Blocking the Spike Glycoprotein and NSP14 of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of proteome research · 2020Article
- Endocrine and Targeted Therapy for Hormone-Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights to Sequencing Treatment and Overcoming Resistance Based on Clinical Trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Review
- Review
- Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 System to Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2018Review
- C-terminal binding protein-2 promotes cell proliferation and migration in breast cancer via suppression of p16INK4A.Oncotarget · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although more widespread screening and routine adjuvant therapy has improved the outcome for breast cancer patients in recent years, there remains considerable scope for improving the efficacy, safety and tolerability of adjuvant therapy in the early stage disease and the treatment of advanced disease. Toremifene is a selective estrogen receptor modifier (SERM) that has been widely used for decades in hormone receptor positive breast cancer both in early and late stage disease. Its efficacy has been well established in nine prospective randomized phase III trials compared to tamoxifen involving more than 5500 patients, as well as in several large uncontrolled and non-randomized studies. Although most studies show therapeutic equivalence between the two SERMs, some show an advantage for toremifene. Several meta-analyses have also confirmed that the efficacy of toremifene is at least as good as that of tamoxifen. In terms of safety and tolerability toremifene is broadly similar to tamoxifen although there is some evidence that toremifene is less likely to cause uterine neoplasms, serious vascular events and it has a more positive effect on serum lipids than does tamoxifen. Toremifene is therefore effective and safe in the treatment of breast cancer. It provides not only a useful therapeutic alternative to tamoxifen, but may bring specific benefits.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.