ReviewNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2014
Perspectives on perceived stigma and self-stigma in adult male patients with depression.
Review in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Men: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Behavior Change Techniques Within Interventions Targeting Help-Seeking.American journal of men's healthPooled it
- Mental Health Stigma Reduction Interventions Among Men: A Systematic Review.American journal of men's healthPooled it
- Trial
- Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2020Trial
- Complex dynamics between internalized HIV stigma, depression, and anxiety with panic among people with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Otolaryngologic Symptom Burden, Emotional Distress, and Stigma in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Survivors: A Prospective Cohort Study.Psycho-oncology · 2026Observational
- Screening for Major Depression and Alcohol Use Disorder in Laundromats As a New Setting for Community- Based Engagement and Intervention.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Associations Between Internalized HIV Stigma and Lower HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among People With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- "What's wrong with me?": Women's perceptions of gendered infertility stigma.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- "International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025Article
- Complex Intervention Programs Integrating Multiple Intervention Strategies Were Not More Effective than Active Control Groups: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Refugee stigma and its toll on mental health: development and validation of the refugee stigma scale (RSS).BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Contact Experiences of Adolescents and Family Members Are Associated With Decrease of Personal Stigma But Increase of Perceived Stigma.Journal of adolescence · 2025Article
- Efficient Online Recruitment of Patients With Depressive Symptoms Using Social Media: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.JMIR mental health · 2025Observational
- Perceptions of Smoking Stigma Among African Americans: A Qualitative Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Stigma in Personality Disorder Compared With Anxiety and Depression: A National Cross-Sectional Survey.Personality and mental health · 2025Article
- The influence of internet information exposure on Chinese youth's intention of online psychological counseling: based on SOR theory and the mindful coping model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Paternal perinatal mental health support: fathers' perspectives on barriers, facilitators, and preferences.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Understanding perceived stigma and depression symptoms in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a network perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Gender, Mental Health Stigma, and Help-Seeking in Arabic- and Swahili-Speaking Communities in Australia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are two principal types of stigma in mental illness, ie, "public stigma" and "self-stigma". Public stigma is the perception held by others that the mentally ill individual is socially undesirable. Stigmatized persons may internalize perceived prejudices and develop negative feelings about themselves. The result of this process is "self-stigma". Stigma has emerged as an important barrier to the treatment of depression and other mental illnesses. Gender and race are related to stigma. Among depressed patients, males and African-Americans have higher levels of self-stigma than females and Caucasians. Perceived stigma and self-stigma affect willingness to seek help in both genders and races. African-Americans demonstrate a less positive attitude towards mental health treatments than Caucasians. Religious beliefs play a role in their coping with mental illness. Certain prejudicial beliefs about mental illness are shared globally. Structural modeling indicates that conformity to dominant masculine gender norms ("boys don't cry") leads to self-stigmatization in depressed men who feel that they should be able to cope with their illness without professional help. These findings suggest that targeting men's feelings about their depression and other mental health problems could be a more successful approach to change help-seeking attitudes than trying to change those attitudes directly. Further, the inhibitory effect of traditional masculine gender norms on help-seeking can be overcome if depressed men feel that a genuine connection leading to mutual understanding has been established with a health care professional.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.