ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Electron spin changes during general anesthesia in Drosophila.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Unified Model of Consciousness: Glycoprotein Patterns in Memory Processes and Quantum Entanglement.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Editorial: Quantum and quantum-like effects across neuroscience.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sevoflurane and Desflurane Spin-Decoherence Effect on Fe(III)acetylacetonate Redox Process.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Anesthesia and the neurobiology of consciousness.Neuron · 2024Review
- Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2022Review
- Radical pairs may play a role in microtubule reorganization.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Towards Quantum-Chemical Modeling of the Activity of Anesthetic Compounds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Radical pairs may play a role in xenon-induced general anesthesia.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Exploiting the Potential ofBiomedicines · 2021Review
- Consciousness as an Emergent Phenomenon: A Tale of Different Levels of Description.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Modern Anesthetic Ethers Demonstrate Quantum Interactions with Entangled Photons.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The future of quantum biology.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2018Review
- Anaesthetics stop diverse plant organ movements, affect endocytic vesicle recycling and ROS homeostasis, and block action potentials in Venus flytraps.Annals of botany · 2018Article
- Inert Gas Deactivates Protein Activity by Aggregation.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Anesthetic Alterations of Collective Terahertz Oscillations in Tubulin Correlate with Clinical Potency: Implications for Anesthetic Action and Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Chirality-induced spin polarization places symmetry constraints on biomolecular interactions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- The Quantum Biology of Reactive Oxygen Species Partitioning Impacts Cellular Bioenergetics.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Possible existence of optical communication channels in the brain.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Understanding of anesthesia - Why consciousness is essential for life and not based on genes.Communicative & integrative biology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We show that the general anesthetics xenon, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrous oxide, and chloroform cause rapid increases of different magnitude and time course in the electron spin content of Drosophila. With the exception of CHCl3, these changes are reversible. Anesthetic-resistant mutant strains of Drosophila exhibit a different pattern of spin responses to anesthetic. In two such mutants, the spin response to CHCl3 is absent. We propose that these spin changes are caused by perturbation of the electronic structure of proteins by general anesthetics. Using density functional theory, we show that general anesthetics perturb and extend the highest occupied molecular orbital of a nine-residue α-helix. The calculated perturbations are qualitatively in accord with the Meyer-Overton relationship and some of its exceptions. We conclude that there may be a connection between spin, electron currents in cells, and the functioning of the nervous system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.