ArticleInfection and immunity2014
Bacterial heterogeneity is a requirement for host superinfection by the Lyme disease spirochete.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cellular and transcriptome signatures unveiled by single-cell RNA-Seq followingFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The environment, the tick, and the pathogen - It is an ensemble.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- The Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE Lipoprotein Prevents Antibody Binding to an Arthritis-Related Surface Antigen.Cell reports · 2020Article
- Maternal Antibodies Provide Bank Voles with Strain-Specific Protection against Infection by the Lyme Disease Pathogen.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2019Article
- New Zealand White Rabbits Effectively Clear Borrelia burgdorferi B31 despite the Bacterium's FunctionalInfection and immunity · 2019Article
- Identification of Surface Epitopes Associated with Protection against Highly Immune-Evasive VlsE-Expressing Lyme Disease Spirochetes.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Infection history of the blood-meal host dictates pathogenic potential of the Lyme disease spirochete within the feeding tick vector.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Review
- Antibody Response to Lyme Disease Spirochetes in the Context of VlsE-Mediated Immune Evasion.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Antigenic Variation in Bacterial Pathogens.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Article
- Role of the VlsE Lipoprotein in Immune Avoidance by the Lyme Disease SpirocheteForum on immunopathological diseases and therapeutics · 2016Article
- Association of Anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions.PloS one · 2015Article
- Evaluation of the Importance of VlsE Antigenic Variation for the Enzootic Cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In nature, mixed Borrelia burgdorferi infections are common and possibly can be acquired by either superinfection or coinfection. Superinfection by heterologous B. burgdorferi strains has been established experimentally, although the ability of homologous B. burgdorferi clones to superinfect a host has not been studied in detail. Information regarding any potential immune barriers to secondary infection also currently is unavailable. In the present study, the ability to superinfect various mouse models by homologous wild-type clones was examined and compared to superinfection by heterologous strains. To assess the ability of homologous B. burgdorferi clones to successfully superinfect a mouse host, primary- and secondary-infecting spirochetes were recovered via in vitro cultivation of collected blood or tissue samples. This was accomplished by generating two different antibiotic-resistant versions of the wild-type B31-A3 clone in order to distinguish superinfecting B. burgdorferi from primary-infecting spirochetes. The data demonstrate an inability of homologous B. burgdorferi to superinfect immunocompetent mice as opposed to heterologous strains. Attempts to superinfect different types of immunodeficient mice with homologous B. burgdorferi indicate that the murine innate immune system represents a major barrier to intrastrain superinfection. Consequently, the possibility of innate immunity as a driving force for B. burgdorferi heterogeneity during the enzootic cycle is discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.