ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2014
Identification of germinal centres in the lymph node of a patient with hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome associated with congenital rubella.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hyper-IgM and acquired C1q complement deficiency in a patient withOxford medical case reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe hyper immunoglobulin M syndrome (HIM) associated with congenital rubella infection (rHIM) is an extremely rare disorder, where patients have elevated serum IgM in association with reduced IgG and IgA. We have previously shown that in contrast to X-linked HIM (XHIM), a patient with well-characterised rHIM is able to express functional CD40 ligand, undergo immunoglobulin isotype switching and to generate memory B cells. Here we describe the ultrastructural features of an excised lymph node from this patient.
methodsAn inguinal lymph node was surgically removed and examined histologically as well as by immunohistochemistry. It was then stained with multiple fluorescent dyes to visualize the cellular interactions within the node. Flow cytometry was undertaken on a cellular suspension from the node.
findingsOur patient has normal lymph node architecture by light microscopy. Immunohistochemistry studies showed the presence of scattered germinal centres. Polychromatic immunofluorescence staining showed disruption of the architecture with mostly abnormal germinal centres. A small number of relatively intact germinal centres were identified. Both IgM and IgG bearing cells were identified in germinal centres.
interpretationIn contrast to XHIM where germinal centres are absent, the presence of small numbers of relatively normal germinal centres explain our previous identification of isotype switched memory B cells in rHIM.
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