ArticleJournal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association2014
Over-the-counter and prescription sleep medication and incident stroke: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.
Article in Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Closer Look at Yoga Nidra: Sleep Lab Protocol.International journal of yoga therapy · 2021Trial
- Evaluation of Sleep Behavior and the Use of Sleep Aids among Adults Living in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clocks & sleep · 2023Article
- The Use of Over-the-Counter Sleep Aid Containing Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Among Saudis.Cureus · 2021Article
- Article
- Sleeping Difficulty and Subjective Short Sleep Duration are Associated with Serum N-terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels in the Elderly Population.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2020Article
- The associations of self-stigma, social constraints, and sleep among Chinese American breast cancer survivors.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2020Article
- Lower blood pressure and smaller pulse pressure in sleeping pill users: A large-scale cross-sectional analysis.Medicine · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPreliminary evidence suggests sleep medications are associated with risk of vascular events; however, the long-term vascular consequences are understudied. This study investigated the relation between sleep medication use and incident stroke.
methodsWithin the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study, 21,678 black participants and white participants (≥45 years) with no history of stroke were studied. Participants were recruited from 2003 to 2007. From 2008 to 2010, participants self reported their prescription and over-the-counter sleep medication use over the past month. Suspected stroke events were identified by telephone contact at 6-month intervals and associated medical records were retrieved and physician-adjudicated. Proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios for incident stroke associated with sleep medication use (0, 1-14, and 15+ days per month) controlling for sociodemographics, stroke risk factors, mental health symptoms, and sleep apnea risk.
resultsAt the sleep assessment, 9.6% of the sample used prescription sleep medication and 11.1% used over-the-counter sleep aids. Over an average follow-up of 3.3 ± 1.0 years, 297 stroke events occurred. Over-the-counter sleep medication use was associated with increased risk of incident stroke in a frequency-response relationship (P = .014), with a 46% increased risk for 1-14 days of use per month (hazards ratio [HR] = 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], .99-2.15) and a 65% increased risk for 15+ days (HR = 1.65; 95% CI, .96-2.85). There was no significant association with prescription sleep medications (P = .80).
conclusionsOver-the-counter sleep medication use may independently increase the risk of stroke beyond other risk factors in middle-aged to older individuals with no history of stroke.
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Registered trials
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