Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25111283›Full record

ArticleBiomacromolecules2014

Hybrid elastin-like polypeptide-polyethylene glycol (ELP-PEG) hydrogels with improved transparency and independent control of matrix mechanics and cell ligand density.

Huiyuan Wang, Lei Cai, Alexandra Paul, Annika Enejder, Sarah C Heilshorn

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomacromolecules, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Modeling Uterine Fibroids Using Bioengineered Hydrogels.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025
    Article
  3. Submucosal Hydrogel for Spring-Mediated Intestinal Lengthening.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Supramolecular assembly of multifunctional protein gels via anMolecular systems design & engineering · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Reconstructing the heart using iPSCs: Engineering strategies and applications.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2021
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Engineered materials for organoid systems.Nature reviews. Materials · 2019
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Huiyuan WangDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Lei Cai
Alexandra Paul
Annika Enejder
Sarah C Heilshorn

Funding

Three-dimensional Scaffold-based Systems for Primary Human Intestinal CultureR01DK085720 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KUO, CALVIN J · 2009 to 2013
$3.7M
Engineering 3D in vitro niches to reveal fundamentals of cellular biomechanicsDP2OD006477 · OD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HEILSHORN, SARAH C · 2009 to 2009
$2.4M
3D Bioengineering Strategies to Mimic Human Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Cell NicheR21AR062359 · NIAMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BLAU, HELEN M, HEILSHORN, SARAH C · 2011 to 2012
$367k
NIAMS NIH HHS R21 AR062359NIAMS NIH HHS R21-AR062359,NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK085720NIDDK NIH HHS R01-DK085720NIH HHS DP2 OD006477NIH HHS DP2-OD-006477
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hydrogels have been developed as extracellular matrix (ECM) mimics both for therapeutic applications and basic biological studies. In particular, elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) hydrogels, which can be tuned to mimic several biochemical and physical characteristics of native ECM, have been constructed to encapsulate various types of cells to create in vitro mimics of in vivo tissues. However, ELP hydrogels become opaque at body temperature because of ELP's lower critical solution temperature behavior. This opacity obstructs light-based observation of the morphology and behavior of encapsulated cells. In order to improve the transparency of ELP hydrogels for better imaging, we have designed a hybrid ELP-polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel system that rapidly cross-links with tris(hydroxymethyl) phosphine (THP) in aqueous solution via Mannich-type condensation. As expected, addition of the hydrophilic PEG component significantly improves the light transmittance. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy reveals that the hybrid ELP-PEG hydrogels have smaller hydrophobic ELP aggregates at 37 °C. Importantly, this hydrogel platform enables independent tuning of adhesion ligand density and matrix stiffness, which is desirable for studies of cell-matrix interactions. Human fibroblasts encapsulated in these hydrogels show high viability (>98%) after 7 days of culture. High-resolution confocal microscopy of encapsulated fibroblasts reveals that the cells adopt a more spread morphology in response to higher RGD ligand concentrations and softer gel mechanics.

Indexed as

ElastinExtracellular MatrixHydrogelsPeptidesCell Culture TechniquesCell LineCells, ImmobilizedFibroblastsHumansPolyethylene GlycolsElastinHydrogelsPeptidesPolyethylene Glycols

Identifiers

PMID25111283
PMCPMC4157761

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.