Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25108771›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia research2014

The impact of second-generation antipsychotic adherence on positive and negative symptoms in recent-onset schizophrenia.

Kenneth L Subotnik, Joseph Ventura, Denise Gretchen-Doorly, Gerhard S Hellemann, Elisha R Agee, Laurie R Casaus, John S Luo, Kathleen F Villa, Keith H Nuechterlein

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. [Factors Influencing All-Cause and Specific-Cause Deaths Among Community-Dwelling Schizophrenia Patients in a Region of Western China].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Social cognition as an RDoC domain.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2016
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kenneth L SubotnikUCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA Aftercare Research Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: ksubotnik@mednet.ucla.edu.
Joseph VenturaUCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA Aftercare Research Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Denise Gretchen-DoorlyUCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA Aftercare Research Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Gerhard S HellemannUCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA Aftercare Research Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Elisha R AgeeUCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA Aftercare Research Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Laurie R CasausUCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA Aftercare Research Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
John S LuoUCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA Aftercare Research Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Kathleen F VillaGenentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Keith H NuechterleinUCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA Aftercare Research Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

STRESS AND EMOTIONAL REACTIVITYP50MH066286 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI NUECHTERLEIN, KEITH H · 2003 to 2014
$18.6M
DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES IN SCHIZOPHRENIC DISORDERSR01MH037705 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI NUECHTERLEIN, KEITH H · 1985 to 2010
$5.1M
NIMH NIH HHS MH037705NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH066286NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH037705
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe aim of the study was to explore the extent to which initial severity of positive or negative symptoms in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia is related to medication nonadherence during the first outpatient year.

methodsThe study involved 64 first-episode schizophrenia patients treated with the second-generation oral antipsychotic medication, risperidone, for 12 months. Symptoms were evaluated using the SANS and SAPS completed every 3 months. Pearson correlations between medication adherence and symptoms were examined over each 3-month interval during 12 months of follow-through treatment. Possible causality was inferred from cross-lagged panel analyses.

resultsAs expected, higher levels of adherence with antipsychotic medication were generally associated with lower levels of concurrent reality distortion (mean of SAPS delusions and hallucinations). Greater adherence during the 3-month baseline interval was generally associated with lower levels of avolition-apathy as well as alogia throughout the first outpatient year. However, medication adherence was not significantly associated with decreases in avolition-apathy or alogia over time. Cross-lagged panel analyses based on correlation coefficients are consistent with a causal relationship between initial medication adherence and lower levels of alogia. A test of mediation confirmed that an indirect path through reality distortion mediated the relationship between medication nonadherence and alogia.

conclusionsThe associations between greater medication adherence and lower levels of negative symptoms appeared to be accounted for by the relationship of both variables to positive psychotic symptoms. The findings suggest that the impact of second-generation antipsychotic medication on suppression of negative symptoms might be mediated via a reduction in positive symptoms.

Indexed as

Medication AdherenceSchizophrenic PsychologyAcute DiseaseAntipsychotic AgentsFemaleHumansMalePsychiatric Status Rating ScalesRisperidoneSchizophreniaTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultAntipsychotic AgentsRisperidoneAdherenceAntipsychotic medicationCross-lagged panel designLongitudinal studyMediationNegative symptoms

Identifiers

PMID25108771
PMCPMC4177349

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.