ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2014
Socioeconomic status and age at menarche: an examination of multiple indicators in an ethnically diverse cohort.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic evidence mapping informs a class-based approach to assessing personal care products and pubertal timing.Environment international · 2023Pooled it
- Phenols, Parabens, Phthalates and Puberty: a Systematic Review of Synthetic Chemicals Commonly Found in Personal Care Products and Girls' Pubertal Development.Current environmental health reports · 2022Pooled it
- Biological aging in childhood and adolescence following experiences of threat and deprivation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin · 2020Pooled it
- A Description of Temporal Trends and Age-Period-Cohort Effects in the Association Between Age at Menarche and Adult Obesity Among Women in the United States.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- Menarche onset is an inflection point for mental health and brain development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Biological Benchmarks for Adult Bone Mass Proportions in Young Females: A Prospective Longitudinal Analysis.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Associations between structural stigma and earlier pubertal timing persist for 1 year among Black girls and Latinx youth.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Menarche education and emotional preparedness: A cross-sectional survey study of Chinese adolescent girls.Heliyon · 2025Article
- A comparative study of menstrual poverty among urban and rural female learners in government schools of Zambia.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and endometriosis: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES data.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Timing and tempo of pubertal development and substance use in adolescence: a cohort study in the Danish National Birth Cohort.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic Status and Age at Menarche in Türkiye.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Distinct Constellations of Common Risk Factors Differentially Relate to Executive-Function Ability in Children.Psychological science · 2024Article
- Applying Life History Theory to Understand Earlier Onset of Puberty: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Cohort Analysis.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2024Article
- Child abuse and pubertal timing: what is the role of child sex and identity of the perpetrator?BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Temporal relation between pubertal development and peer victimization in a prospective sample of US adolescents.Aggressive behavior · 2024Article
- Disparities in Breast Cancer Care-How Factors Related to Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment Drive Inequity.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Pubertal timing: A life course pathway linking early life risk to adulthood cardiometabolic health.PloS one · 2024Article
- Age affects the association between socioeconomic status and infertility: a cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Trends in incidence of youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the USA, 2002-18: results from the population-based SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeEthnic disparities exist in US girls' ages at menarche. Overweight and low socioeconomic status (SES) may contribute to these disparities but past research has been equivocal. We sought to determine which SES indicators were associated uniquely with menarche, for which ethnic groups, and whether associations operated through overweight.
methodsUsing National Longitudinal Study of Youth data, we examined associations between SES indicators and age at menarche. Participants were 4851 girls and their mothers. We used survival analyses to examine whether SES, at various time points, was associated with menarche, whether body mass index mediated associations, and whether race/ethnicity modified associations.
resultsBlack and Hispanic girls experienced menarche earlier than whites. After adjusting for SES, there was a 50% reduction in the effect estimate for "being Hispanic" and 40% reduction for "being black" versus "being white" on menarche. SES indicators were associated uniquely with earlier menarche, including mother's unmarried status and lower family income. Associations varied by race/ethnicity. Body mass index did not mediate associations.
conclusionsRacial differences in menarche may in large part be due to SES differences. Future experimental or quasiexperimental studies should examine whether intervening on SES factors could have benefits for delaying menarche among blacks and Hispanics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.