ArticleThe Annals of thoracic surgery2014
Intraoperative near-infrared imaging can identify pulmonary nodules.
Article in The Annals of thoracic surgery, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 114 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 1, Open-Label, Single Center Study of the Imaging Potential of Indocyanine Green in Subjects Undergoing Thoracic Surgery Presenting With Lung Nodules
Robotic ICG Guided Surgery (RIGGS) Using Electromagnetic Navigational Bronchoscopy (ENB): A Novel Technique for Targeting Small Lung Tumors
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 191 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative outcomes of video-assisted thoracic surgery versus open thoracic surgery in pediatric pulmonary metastasectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric surgery international · 2024Pooled it
- Oncologic Procedures Amenable to Fluorescence-guided Surgery.Annals of surgery · 2017Pooled it
- Real-time margin assessment for video-assisted thoracic surgery: A pilot clinical trial.JTCVS techniques · 2025Trial
- Intraoperative molecular imaging of colorectal lung metastases with SGM-101: a feasibility study.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024Trial
- Feasibility of indocyanine green-guided localization of pulmonary nodules in children with solid tumors.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2023Trial
- Multiinstitutional Phase 2 Clinical Trial of Intraoperative Molecular Imaging of Lung Cancer.The Annals of thoracic surgery · 2021Trial
- Real-time surveillance of surgical margins via ICG-based near-infrared fluorescence imaging in patients with OSCC.World journal of surgical oncology · 2020Trial
- Intraoperative Near-infrared Imaging Can Identify Neoplasms and Aid in Real-time Margin Assessment During Pancreatic Resection.Annals of surgery · 2019Trial
- Near-infrared intraoperative imaging for minimally invasive pulmonary metastasectomy for sarcomas.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Optimization of Second Window Indocyanine Green for Intraoperative Near-Infrared Imaging of Thoracic Malignancy.Journal of the American College of Surgeons · 2019Trial
- A Clinical Trial of TumorGlow to Identify Residual Disease During Pleurectomy and Decortication.The Annals of thoracic surgery · 2019Trial
- A novel technique for tumor localization and targeted lymphatic mapping in early-stage lung cancer.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2017Trial
- The Optical Biopsy: A Novel Technique for Rapid Intraoperative Diagnosis of Primary Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas.Annals of surgery · 2015Trial
- Intraoperative molecular imaging can identify lung adenocarcinomas during pulmonary resection.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2015Trial
- Intraoperative localization of pulmonary nodules using indocyanine green-lipiodol marking: a single-center case series.General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2026Article
- Intraoperative measurement of breast-conserving surgery margins: surgical application.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Review
- Label-free streamlined photoacoustic image guidance facilitates NIR-II photoablation in models of melanoma lung metastases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Lighting the path: a narrative review of non-molecular intraoperative lung imaging modalities.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- E-Cadherin Is an Accurate Target for Fluorescence-Guided Imaging of Lymph Nodes.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOver 80,000 people undergo pulmonary resection for a lung nodule in the United States each year. Small nodules are frequently missed or difficult to find despite preoperative imaging. We hypothesized that near-infrared (NIR) imaging technology could be used to identify and locate lung nodules during surgery.
methodsWe enrolled 18 patients who were diagnosed with a pulmonary nodule that required resection. All patients had a fine-cut 1-mm computed tomography scan preoperatively. The patients were given systemic 5 mg/kg indocyanine green and then underwent an open thoracotomy 24 hours later. The NIR imaging was used to identify the primary nodule and search for additional nodules that were not found by visual inspection or manual palpation of the ipsilateral lung.
resultsManual palpation and visual inspection identified all 18 primary pulmonary nodules and no additional lesions. Intraoperative NIR imaging detected 16 out of the 18 primary nodules. The NIR imaging also identified 5 additional subcentimeter nodules; 3 metastatic adenocarcinomas and 2 metastatic sarcomas. This technology could identify nodules as small as 0.2 cm and as deep as 1.3 cm from the pleural surface. This approach discovered 3 nodules that were in different lobes than the primary tumor. Nodule fluorescence was independent of size, metabolic activity, histology, tumor grade and vascularity.
conclusionsThis is the first-in-human demonstration of identifying pulmonary nodules during thoracic surgery with NIR imaging without a priori knowledge of their location or existence. The NIR imaging can detect pulmonary nodules during lung resections that are poorly visualized on computed tomography and difficult to discriminate on finger palpation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.