Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25106425›Full record

ReviewMolecular pharmacology2014

CB2 Cannabinoid receptors as a therapeutic target-what does the future hold?

Amey Dhopeshwarkar, Ken Mackie

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular pharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
144citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
15.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

144 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 257 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Overlapping pathways of migraine and the endocannabinoid system: Potential therapeutic targets.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026
    Review
  7. Genetically Encoded CBInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Cannabinoid CBBritish journal of pharmacology · 2025
    Review
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  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
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  19. Article
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84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Amey DhopeshwarkarDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Gill Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
Ken MackieDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Gill Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana kmackie@indiana.edu.
Indiana University Bloomington · US

Funding

Neuronal cannabinoidsR01DA011322 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI MACKIE, KENNETH · 1998 to 2014
$3.4M
Cannabinoid Modulation of Cell FunctionK05DA021696 · NIDA · TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY · PI MACKIE, KENNETH · 2007 to 2017
$1.3M
Optimizing analgesia by exploiting CB2 agonist functional selectivityR21DA035068 · NIDA · TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY · PI MACKIE, KENNETH · 2013 to 2014
$429k
NIDA NIH HHS K05 DA021696NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA011322NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA035068
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The past decades have seen an exponential rise in our understanding of the endocannabinoid system, comprising CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and the enzymes that synthesize and degrade endocannabinoids. The primary focus of this review is the CB2 receptor. CB2 receptors have been the subject of considerable attention, primarily due to their promising therapeutic potential for treating various pathologies while avoiding the adverse psychotropic effects that can accompany CB1 receptor-based therapies. With the appreciation that CB2-selective ligands show marked functional selectivity, there is a renewed opportunity to explore this promising area of research from both a mechanistic as well as a therapeutic perspective. In this review, we summarize our present knowledge of CB2 receptor signaling, localization, and regulation. We discuss the availability of genetic tools (and their limitations) to study CB2 receptors and also provide an update on preclinical data on CB2 agonists in pain models. Finally, we suggest possible reasons for the failure of CB2 ligands in clinical pain trials and offer possible ways to move the field forward in a way that can help reconcile the inconsistencies between preclinical and clinical data.

Indexed as

AnimalsCannabinoid Receptor AgonistsHumansPainProtein TransportReceptor, Cannabinoid, CB2Signal TransductionCannabinoid Receptor AgonistsReceptor, Cannabinoid, CB2

Identifiers

PMID25106425
PMCPMC4164977
OpenAlexW2096703732

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.