ArticlePloS one2014
PI3K/Akt signaling pathway modulates influenza virus induced mouse alveolar macrophage polarization to M1/M2b.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lung microbiota dysbiosis exacerbates influenza virus infection.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Monitoring Macrophage Polarization in Infectious Disease, Lesson From SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- The role of natural products targeting macrophage polarization in sepsis-induced lung injury.Chinese medicine · 2025Review
- Alveolar Macrophages in Viral Respiratory Infections: Sentinels and Saboteurs of Lung Defense.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Integrating multi-dimensional data to reveal the mechanisms and molecular targets of baikening granules for treatment of pediatric influenza.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Natural products alleviate viral pneumonia by modulating inflammatory and oxidative-stress pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and Their Impact on Chronic Lung Diseases and Fibrosis: Exploring Therapeutic Options.The American journal of pathology · 2024Review
- Review
- Renal macrophages and NLRP3 inflammasomes in kidney diseases and therapeutics.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- The immune system of chicken and its response to H9N2 avian influenza virus.The veterinary quarterly · 2023Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence of influenza.Virulence · 2023Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Technologically Processed Antibodies to the Molecules of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in a Model of Acute Inflammation In Vivo.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2023Article
- Trihydroxyxanthones from the heartwood of Maclura cochinchinensis modulate M1/M2 macrophage polarisation and enhance surface TLR4.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- Alveolar Macrophages Participate in the Promotion of Influenza Virus Infection by Aflatoxin B1 at an Early Stage.Toxins · 2023Article
- Extracellular vesicles ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Diverse roles of lung macrophages in the immune response to influenza A virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Predictive Value of Nasal Nitric Oxide and Serum NOS2 Levels in the Efficacy of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Pediatric Patients with Allergic Rhinitis.Mediators of inflammation · 2022Article
- Autophagy and Exosome Coordinately Enhance Macrophage M1 Polarization and Recruitment in Influenza A Virus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Cyclosporine A Regulates Influenza A Virus-induced Macrophages Polarization and Inflammatory Responses by Targeting Cyclophilin A.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Eicosanoid-Activated PPARα Inhibits NFκB-Dependent Bacterial Clearance During Post-Influenza Superinfection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages polarized to M1 (pro-inflammation) or M2 (anti-inflammation) phenotypes in response to environmental signals. In this study, we examined the polarization of alveolar macrophage (AM), following induction by different influenza virus strains (ST169 (H1N1), ST602 (H3N2) and HKG9 (H9N2)). Macrophages from other tissues or cell line exert alternative responding pattern, and AM is necessary for investigating the respiratory system. AM polarized toward the M1 phenotype after 4 hours of infection by all three virus strains, and AM to presented M2b phenotype after 8 hours induction, and immunosuppressive phenotype after 24 hours of induction. Protein expression assay showed similar results as the gene expression analysis for phenotype verification. The ELISA assay showed that TNF-α secretion was up-regulated after 4 and 8 hours of infection by influenza viruses, and it returned to basal levels after 24 hours of infection. IL-10 expression was elevated after 8 and 24 hours of infection. Immunofluorescence showed that iNOS expression was up-regulated but not Arg1 expression. Influenza virus notably increased phospho-Akt but not phospho-Erk1/2 or phospho-p38, and the AM polarization pattern have been changed by LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). In conclusion, our results demonstrate the dynamic polarization of AM induced by influenza viruses, and suggested that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway modulates AM polarization to M1/M2b.
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