ArticlePloS one2014
Joint effects of smoking and silicosis on diseases to the lungs.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occupational exposure to silica dust and risk of lung cancer: an updated meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.BMC public health · 2016Pooled it
- The association between glyphosate use and mosaic loss of chromosome Y in buccal samples among male pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study.Environment international · 2025Article
- A combination of silica and cigarette smoke extract exacerbates lung fibrosis: Unveiling a harmful synergy.PloS one · 2025Article
- Cigarette smoking decreases macrophage-dependent clearance to impact the biological effects of occupational and environmental particle exposures.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Silicotuberculosis: a critical narrative review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Article
- From Engineered Stone Slab to Silicosis: A Synthesis of Exposure Science and Medical Evidence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Potential Effect of Combined Exposure of Crystalline Silica Dust and Cigarette Smoking on the Incidence of Silicosis among Chinese Male Stone Processing Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Towards Treatable Traits for Pulmonary Fibrosis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Epidemiological characteristics and survival analysis on patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in Zhejiang Province from 1987 to 2019.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Predictors of health-related quality of life among semi-precious stone mineworkers exposed to silica dust.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2021Article
- Tobacco Smoke Exposure Exacerbated Crystalline Silica-Induced Lung Toxicity in Rats.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2020Article
- Article
- Influences of Nanoparticles Characteristics on the Cellular Responses: The Example of Iron Oxide and Macrophages.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Update on the approach to smoking in patients with respiratory diseases.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2019Review
- Inflammasome-Independent Leukotriene BJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among coal workers' pneumoconiosis patients in China: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2018Article
- Polymorphisms in Long Noncoding RNA H19 Contribute to the Protective Effects of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis in a Chinese Population.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Prognostic effect of tuberculosis on patients with occupational lung diseases: A 13-year observational study in a nationwide cohort.Medicine · 2016Observational
- High Cigarette and Poly-Tobacco Use Among Workers in a Dusty Industry: New Jersey Quarry Workers.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smokers are subject to being more susceptible to the long-term effects of silica dust, whilst it remains unclear whether the joint effect of smoking and silicosis differs amongst diseases to the lungs; this study aims to address this knowledge gap. This was a historical cohort study comprised of 3202 silicotics in Hong Kong during 1981-2005 who were followed up till 31/12/2006. We estimated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in the smoking and never smoking silicotics using the mortality rates of male general population indiscriminately by smoking status, but these SMRs were regarded as biased. We adjusted these biased SMRs using "smoking adjustment factors (SAF)". We assessed the multiplicative interaction between smoking and silicosis using 'relative silicosis effect (RSE)' that was the ratio of SAF-corrected SMR of smoking silicotics to the never smokers. A RSE differs significantly from one implies the presence of multiplicative interaction. A significant excess SMR was observed for respiratory diseases (lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases [COPD], silicosis) and other diseases to the lungs (pulmonary heart disease, tuberculosis). All the 'biased-SMRs' in smokers were higher than those in never smokers, but the SAF-corrected SMRs became higher in never smokers. The RSE was 0.95 (95%CI: 0.37-3.55), 0.94 (95%CI: 0.42-2.60), and 0.81 (95%CI: 0.60-1.19) for lung cancer, COPD, and silicosis; whilst it was 1.21 (95%CI: 0.32-10.26) for tuberculosis and 1.02 (95%CI: 0.16-42.90) for pulmonary heart disease. This study firstly demonstrated the joint effect of smoking and silicosis may differ amongst diseases to the lungs, but power is limited.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.