ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2014
Bacteroides fragilis subverts mucosal biology: from symbiont to colon carcinogenesis.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 219 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
219 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 345 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Clinical Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (2020-2025).Oncology research · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of Altered Gut Microbiota Reveals Microbial and Metabolic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of a Novel Food Rich in Miraculin on the Intestinal Microbiome of Malnourished Patients with Cancer and Dysgeusia.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Functionally declining microbiota in chronic disease: beyond taxonomic loss.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota and diet in colorectal cancer: Converging determinants of carcinogenesis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- Outer membrane vesicles secreted byInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- An anaerobic pathogen rewires host metabolism to fuel oxidative growth in the inflamed gut.Cell · 2026Article
- Microbiomics: Novel Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Causal Inference and Prognostic Modeling in Colorectal Cancer through Integration of Computational Pathology and Mendelian Randomization.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Repurposing Drugs as Bacteroides fragilis BFT-3 Inhibitors in the Animal Infection Model Galleria mellonella.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- The hidden language of gut-derived lipopolysaccharides: fine chemistry, huge immunological consequences.Chemical science · 2026Review
- The gut microbiome in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of carcinogenesis and emerging microbiota-targeted therapies.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Intratumoral microbiota: bidirectional modulation of tumor radiosensitivity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- An approach for diagnosis of diarrhea in neonatal piglets based on the core gut microbiota and machine learning.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- ExploringmicroLife · 2026Article
- Beyond cervicovaginal limitations: potential bidirectional interactions between HPV infection and mucosal microbiota from oral, anorectal and penile sites - a mini-review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Characterization of the Gut Virome in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial-mediated modulation of gut microbiota for precision diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analyses Support the Reclassification of Multiple Bacteroides Species.Current microbiology · 2025Article
159 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human body comprises fewer host cells than bacterial cells, most of which are obligate anaerobes residing in the gut. The symbiont Bacteroides fragilis constitutes a relatively small proportion (up to 1%-2%) of cultured fecal bacteria, but colonizes most humans. There are 2 classes of B. fragilis distinguished by their ability to secrete a zinc-dependent metalloprotease toxin, B. fragilis toxin (BFT). Strains that do not secrete BFT are nontoxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF), and those that do are called enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF). ETBF can induce clinical pathology, including inflammatory diarrhea, although asymptomatic colonization may be common. Intestinal inflammation is mediated by BFT, as yet the only known virulence factor of ETBF. Recent experimental evidence demonstrating that ETBF-driven colitis promotes colon tumorigenesis has generated interest in the potential contribution of ETBF to human colon carcinogenesis. Critical questions about the epidemiology of chronic, subclinical human colonization with ETBF and its impact on the biology of the colon need to be addressed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.