ArticlePloS one2014
Delta-opioid receptor analgesia is independent of microglial activation in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic potential of combining mirogabalin with antidepressants in relieving hypersensitivity: evidence from a mouse model of neuropathic pain.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Article
- Kappa opioid receptors in excitatory spinal neurons gate acute pain: evidence from mouse and human.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The actions of morphine on microglia and the underlying effects on associated adverse effects.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Promising effects of astaxanthin on pain-related behaviors and morphine tolerance in a mouse model of neuropathic pain: Possible involvement of Nrf2 and the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- Effect of Microglial Activity on Gut Microbiota in Rats with Neuropathic Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Supraspinal kappa-opioid receptors: new therapeutic strategies for pain, pruritus, and negative emotions.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Astaxanthin has a beneficial influence on pain-related symptoms and opioid-induced hyperalgesia in mice with diabetic neuropathy-evidence from behavioral studies.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Article
- A New Application for Cenicriviroc, a Dual CCR2/CCR5 Antagonist, in the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in a Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- CC Chemokine Family Members' Modulation as a Novel Approach for Treating Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System Injury-A Review of Clinical and Experimental Findings.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Effect of Pregabalin on Microglia Differentiation in Rat with Neuropathic pain: A Preliminary Study.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Peptide discovery across the spectrum of neuroinflammation; microglia and astrocyte phenotypical targeting, mediation, and mechanistic understanding.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Advances in Neuropathic Pain Research: Selected Intracellular Factors as Potential Targets for Multidirectional Analgesics.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Microglial inflammation modulates opioid analgesic tolerance.Journal of neuroscience research · 2023Review
- Targeting Members of the Chemokine Family as a Novel Approach to Treating Neuropathic Pain.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Mirogabalin Decreases Pain-like Behaviors by Inhibiting the Microglial/Macrophage Activation, p38MAPK Signaling, and Pronociceptive CCL2 and CCL5 Release in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- δ-opioid Receptor, Microglia and Neuroinflammation.Aging and disease · 2023Review
- Article
- δ-Opioid receptor activation ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting the MAPK/caspase-3 pathway in BV2 microglial cells.Experimental brain research · 2021Article
- Delta Opioid Receptor in Astrocytes Contributes to Neuropathic Cold Pain and Analgesic Tolerance in Female Mice.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Blockade of CC Chemokine Receptor Type 3 Diminishes Pain and Enhances Opioid Analgesic Potency in a Model of Neuropathic Pain.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The analgesic effect of delta-opioid receptor (DOR) ligands in neuropathic pain is not diminished in contrast to other opioid receptor ligands, which lose their effectiveness as analgesics. In this study, we examine whether this effect is related to nerve injury-induced microglial activation. We therefore investigated the influence of minocycline-induced inhibition of microglial activation on the analgesic effects of opioid receptor agonists: morphine, DAMGO, U50,488H, DPDPE, Deltorphin II and SNC80 after chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve in rats. Pre-emptive and repeated administration of minocycline (30 mg/kg, i.p.) over 7 days significantly reduced allodynia and hyperalgesia as measured on day 7 after CCI. The antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of intrathecally (i.t.) administered morphine (10-20 µg), DAMGO (1-2 µg) and U50,488H (25-50 µg) were significantly potentiated in rats after minocycline, but no such changes were observed after DPDPE (10-20 µg), deltorphin II (1.5-15 µg) and SNC80 (10-20 µg) administration. Additionally, nerve injury-induced down-regulation of all types of opioid receptors in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia was not influenced by minocycline, which indicates that the effects of opioid ligands are dependent on other changes, presumably neuroimmune interactions. Our study of rat primary microglial cell culture using qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry confirmed the presence of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) and kappa-opioid receptors (KOR), further we provide the first evidence for the lack of DOR on microglial cells. In summary, DOR analgesia is different from analgesia induced by MOR and KOR receptors because it does not dependent on injury-induced microglial activation. DOR agonists appear to be the best candidates for new drugs to treat neuropathic pain.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.