ArticleArchives of oral biology2014
Functional role of TGF-β receptors during palatal fusion in vitro.
Article in Archives of oral biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of Transforming Growth Factor-β3 Signaling by Compressive Force in MC3T3-E1 Cells Reactions.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Multiple Tissue Factors in the Cartilage of Primary and Secondary Rhinoplasty in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients.Pediatric reports · 2022Article
- TGF-β Signaling and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition during Palatal Fusion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Nicotine Exposure During Pregnancy Results in Persistent Midline Epithelial Seam With Improper Palatal Fusion.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Article
- Identification of Smad-dependent and -independent signaling with transforming growth factor-β type 1/2 receptor inhibition in palatogenesis.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveReported expression patterns for TGF-β receptors (TβR-I, -II, and -III) during palatogenesis suggest that they play essential roles in the mechanisms leading to palatal fusion. The purpose of this study was to compare the functions of the three TβRs during palatal fusion.
methodsUsing organ culture of mouse palatal shelves, expression levels of TβR-I, -II, and -III were suppressed by transfecting the siRNAs siTβR-I, -II, and -III, respectively. Phosphorylation of SMAD2 was examined as an indicator of downstream signalling via each TβR. Linkage between TGF-β signalling and critical events in palatal fusion led to the use of, MMP-13 expression as an outcome measure for the function of the TGF-β receptors.
resultsThe siRNA treatment decreased the expression level of each receptor by more than 85%. When treated with either siTβR-I or -II, palatal shelves at E13+72 h were not fused, with complete clefting in the anterior and posterior regions. The middle palatal region following treatment with either siTβR-I or -II had fusion from one-half or one-third of the palatal region. Treatment with siTβR-III resulted in a persistent midline seam of medial edge epithelium (MEE) in the anterior region with islands of persistent MEE in the middle and posterior regions of the midline. Treatment with all three siTβRs altered the pattern of SMAD2 phosphorylation. Palatal shelf cultures treated with siTβR-I or -II, but not -III, showed altered MMP-13 expression levels.
conclusionThe ability to identify and recover MEE and palatal mesenchymal cells during palatal fusion will aid in the evaluation of the different mechanistic events regulated by each TβR during palatogenesis.
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