ReviewSpermatogenesis2014
Review of Azoospermia.
Review in Spermatogenesis, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 245 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-Müllerian hormone predicts positive sperm retrieval in men with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia-findings from a multi-centric cross-sectional study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Circular RNAs and Their Role in Male Infertility: A Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2023Pooled it
- Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their exosomes for restoration of spermatogenesis in non-obstructive azoospermia: a systemic review.Stem cell research & therapy · 2021Pooled it
- Development and Preliminary Clinical Evaluation of a Five-Item Prepubertal Risk Questionnaire for Severe Spermatogenic Impairment: A Retrospective Validation Study-Prepubertal Risk Questionnaire for Spermatogenic Impairment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Seminal-Plasma Molecular Biomarkers as a Liquid Biopsy of Testicular Function: Toward AI-Ready Sperm-Retrieval Prediction in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Uncovering hidden spermatogenesis: INPP1 and GTSF1 as non-invasive predictors of sperm retrieval in non-obstructive azoospermia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- HENMT1: an RNA methyltransferase in biology and disease.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2026Review
- NOA masquerading as OA: Rethinking the role of testis biopsy from an East Asian perspective.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2026Article
- Fertility Outcomes in Men with Nonobstructive Azoospermia Due to Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism After Gonadotropin Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Shorter interval between consecutive testicular sperm aspirations and clinical pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in obstructive azoospermia: a retrospective cohort study.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Rete testis thickness is a novel predictor for Johnsen score and sperm retrieval outcomes in azoospermia.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Mechanism and potential therapeutic strategies of genetic abnormalities involved in deoxyribonucleic acid double-strand breaks leading to the development of human non-obstructive azoospermia.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2026Review
- Gene therapy for non-obstructive azoospermia: therapeutic avenues and translational pathway to clinical application.Frontiers in genome editing · 2026Review
- ICSI with surgically retrieved sperm in azoospermia: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of reproductive, perinatal, long-term, and paternal outcomes.Systematic reviews · 2025Article
- MRI of the Scrotum and Penis: Current Applications and Clinical Relevance.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genetic Testing for Monogenic Forms of Male Infertility Contributes to the Clinical Diagnosis of Men with Severe Idiopathic Male Infertility.The world journal of men's health · 2025Article
- Of mice and men: translating mouse knockout models of human male infertility.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Bi-allelic KCTD19 variants associated with meiotic arrest and non-obstructive azoospermia in humans.Journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- A novel T-shaped incision of the tunica vaginalis for managing adhesions during vasoepididymostomy.Investigative and clinical urology · 2025Article
- GDNF enhances HGF-induced tubulogenesis and organization of Sertoli cell.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Azoospermia is classified as obstructive azoospermia (OA) or non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), each having very different etiologies and treatments. The etiology, diagnosis, and management of azoospermia were reviewed and relevant literature summarized. Differentiation between these two etiologies is of paramount importance and is contingent upon thorough history and physical examination and indicated laboratory/genetic testing. OA occurs secondary to obstruction of the male reproductive tract, and is diagnosed through a combination of history/physical examination, laboratory testing, genetics (CFTR for congenital OA), and imaging studies. NOA (which includes primary testicular failure and secondary testicular failure) is differentiated from OA by clinical assessment (testis consistency/volume), laboratory testing (FSH), and genetic testing (karyotype, Y chromosome microdeletion, or specific genetic testing for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). For obstructive azoospermia, management includes microsurgical reconstruction when feasible using microsurgical vasovasostomy or vasoepididymostomy. Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration with in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) is utilized for those cases not amenable to reconstruction. NOA management includes medical management for congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and microdissection testicular sperm extraction with IVF/ICSI for appropriate candidates based on laboratory/genetic testing. Overall, this important review provides an updated summary of the most recent available literature describing etiology, diagnosis, and management of azoospermia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.