ArticleBiological psychiatry2015
Elevated risk for autoimmune disorders in iraq and afghanistan veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 285 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-specific associations of depression with inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Causal relationships between hundreds of plasma metabolites and PTSD: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of post-traumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for multiple autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Epigenome-wide association studies identify novel DNA methylation sites associated with PTSD: a meta-analysis of 23 military and civilian cohorts.Genome medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Immune response to vaccination in adults with mental disorders: A systematic review.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Longitudinal epigenome-wide association studies of three male military cohorts reveal multiple CpG sites associated with post-traumatic stress disorder.Clinical epigenetics · 2020Pooled it
- DNA methylation GrimAge acceleration in US military veterans with PTSD.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Development of a novel analysis method for evaluating PTSD-like behavior in mice based on DSM-V criteria.Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Higher Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Croatian War Veterans: A Cross-Sectional Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Intensity and exposure proximity as determinants of differential stress-related health outcomes.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Observational
- Adverse childhood experiences and risk of non-mental medical diseases in adulthood: an umbrella review.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Environmental and occupational contributors to autoimmune, inflammatory, and musculoskeletal rheumatic disease: a review of emerging evidence and clinical implications.Current opinion in rheumatology · 2026Review
- A single glucocorticoid response element regulates sociability in a sex-specific manner.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- A discovery plasma proteome signature in military personnel with chronic PTSD symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Inflammatory biomarker outcomes associated with MDMA-assisted therapy: an open-label exploratory study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- The allostatic triage model of psychopathology (ATP Model): How reallocation of brain energetic resources under stress elicits psychiatric symptoms.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Posttraumatic stress disorder and epigenetic signatures of inflammation in middle-aged women.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Unpacking Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Mental Health in Internally Displaced Persons: A Mediation-Moderation Model of Psychological Capital and Perceived Social Support.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Perceived Stress and Prediction of Worse Patient-Reported Outcomes in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Cohort.Arthritis care & research · 2025Article
- Psychological, neuroendocrine and inflammatory stress responses in women after miscarriage or stillbirth: investigating early psychobiological adaptations to potential traumatic events.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with endocrine and immune abnormalities that could increase risk for autoimmune disorders. However, little is known about the risk for autoimmune disorders among individuals with PTSD.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 666,269 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans under age 55 who were enrolled in the Department of Veterans Affairs health care system between October 7, 2001, and March 31, 2011. Generalized linear models were used to examine if PTSD, other psychiatric disorders, and military sexual trauma exposure increased risk for autoimmune disorders, including thyroiditis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and lupus erythematosus, adjusting for age, gender, race, and primary care visits.
resultsPTSD was diagnosed in 203,766 veterans (30.6%), and psychiatric disorders other than PTSD were diagnosed in an additional 129,704 veterans (19.5%). Veterans diagnosed with PTSD had significantly higher adjusted relative risk (ARR) for diagnosis with any of the autoimmune disorders alone or in combination compared with veterans with no psychiatric diagnoses (ARR = 2.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.91-2.09) and compared with veterans diagnosed with psychiatric disorders other than PTSD (ARR = 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-1.59; p < .001). The magnitude of the PTSD-related increase in risk for autoimmune disorders was similar in women and men, and military sexual trauma exposure was independently associated with increased risk in both women and men.
conclusionsTrauma exposure and PTSD may increase risk for autoimmune disorders. Altered immune function, lifestyle factors, or shared etiology may underlie this association.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.