Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25103583›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet. Global health2013

National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010.

Anne C C Lee, Joanne Katz, Hannah Blencowe, Simon Cousens, Naoko Kozuki, Joshua P Vogel, Linda Adair, Abdullah H Baqui, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Laura E Caulfield and 27 more

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet. Global health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT03152227 (Evaluation of Integrated Agriculture and Nutrition Sensitive Interventions for the African Chicken Genetic Gains), which is not on this map. Cited by 433 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
433citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03152227 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of Integrated Agriculture and Nutrition Sensitive Interventions for the African Chicken Genetic Gains (ACGG) Program in Ethiopia

TypeinterventionalSponsorHarvard School of Public Health (HSPH)Ran2016 to 2018Enrolled2,117ConditionsDietary Modification, Health BehaviorArmsACGG, BCC
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

433 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  20. Maternal mid-upper arm circumference to predict small for gestational age: Findings in a Zambian cohort.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2023
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373 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

37 authors.

Anne C C LeeDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: alee6@partners.org.
Joanne KatzDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Hannah BlencoweFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Simon CousensFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Naoko KozukiDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Joshua P VogelSchool of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Linda AdairUniversity of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Abdullah H BaquiDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Zulfiqar A BhuttaDivision of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Laura E CaulfieldDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Parul ChristianDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Siân E ClarkeFaculty of Infectious Disease and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Malaria Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Majid EzzatiMRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Wafaie FawziDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Rogelio GonzalezPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Medicine, and Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile.
Lieven HuybregtsDepartment of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Woman and Child Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Simon KariukiKenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya.
Patrick KolsterenDepartment of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Woman and Child Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
John LusinguNational Institute Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania.
Tanya MarchantFaculty of Infectious Disease and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Malaria Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Maternal Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Mario MerialdiUNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Aroonsri MongkolchatiASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
Luke C MullanyDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
James NdiranguAfrica Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa.
Marie-Louise NewellAfrica Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Jyh Kae NienFetal Maternal Medicine Unit, Clinica Davila, and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
David OsrinInstitute for Global Health, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Dominique RoberfroidWoman and Child Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Heather E RosenDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ayesha SaniaDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Mariangela F SilveiraPrograma de Pósgraduacao em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
James TielschDepartment of Global Health, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC, USA.
Anjana VaidyaInstitute for Global Health, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Barbara A WilleyFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Malaria Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Maternal Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Joy E LawnMaternal Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children USA, Washington, DC, USA.
Robert E BlackDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
CHERG SGA-Preterm Birth Working Group

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/K012126/1Wellcome Trust 084933Wellcome Trust 091561Wellcome Trust 100714
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNational estimates for the numbers of babies born small for gestational age and the comorbidity with preterm birth are unavailable. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age (term-SGA and preterm-SGA), and the relation to low birthweight (<2500 g), in 138 countries of low and middle income in 2010.

methodsSmall for gestational age was defined as lower than the 10th centile for fetal growth from the 1991 US national reference population. Data from 22 birth cohort studies (14 low-income and middle-income countries) and from the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health (23 countries) were used to model the prevalence of term-SGA births. Prevalence of preterm-SGA infants was calculated from meta-analyses.

findingsIn 2010, an estimated 32·4 million infants were born small for gestational age in low-income and middle-income countries (27% of livebirths), of whom 10·6 million infants were born at term and low birthweight. The prevalence of term-SGA babies ranged from 5·3% of livebirths in east Asia to 41·5% in south Asia, and the prevalence of preterm-SGA infants ranged from 1·2% in north Africa to 3·0% in southeast Asia. Of 18 million low-birthweight babies, 59% were term-SGA and 41% were preterm-SGA. Two-thirds of small-for-gestational-age infants were born in Asia (17·4 million in south Asia). Preterm-SGA babies totalled 2·8 million births in low-income and middle-income countries. Most small-for-gestational-age infants were born in India, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Bangladesh.

interpretationThe burden of small-for-gestational-age births is very high in countries of low and middle income and is concentrated in south Asia. Implementation of effective interventions for babies born too small or too soon is an urgent priority to increase survival and reduce disability, stunting, and non-communicable diseases.

fundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation by a grant to the US Fund for UNICEF to support the activities of the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG).

Indexed as

Infant, Small for Gestational AgeDeveloping CountriesFemaleGlobal HealthHumansInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureMalePremature BirthPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID25103583
PMCPMC4221634

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