ArticlePLoS pathogens2014
Capsid protein VP4 of human rhinovirus induces membrane permeability by the formation of a size-selective multimeric pore.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Particles of echovirus 18 open to release their genomes in vivo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Human alpha-defensin 5 stabilizes the enterovirus A71 capsid and blocks infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Induction of neutralising antibodies against conserved rhinovirus capsid protein VP4 is dependent on presentation of VP4 peptide immunogens in a virus-like conformation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Open questions in enterovirus uncoating.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus VP4 interferes with host interferon response by targeting the nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3).Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Development of enterovirus transencapsidation assays as tools to understand viral entry.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Antiviral candidates for enterovirus 71: targeting viral proteome and stage-specific lifecycle interventions.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Functional diversity in GII.4 norovirus entry: HBGA binding and capsid clustering dynamics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Cryo-EM structure of the Seneca Valley virus A-particle and related structural states.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Exploring enterovirus pathogenesis and cancer therapy potential through reverse genetics.Biosafety and health · 2025Review
- Seneca valley virus VP4 protein regulates the transcription of different cytokinesFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Endosomal Escape and Nuclear Localization: Critical Barriers for Therapeutic Nucleic Acids.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cryo-EM of human rhinovirus reveals capsid-RNA duplex interactions that provide insights into virus assembly and genome uncoating.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Endosome rupture enables enteroviruses from the family Picornaviridae to infect cells.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus antigenic landscape and reduced immunogenicity elucidated in atomic detail.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) negatively regulates ZFP36 protein expression to alleviate its antiviral activity.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Cholesterol-Dependent Membrane Deformation by Metastable Viral Capsids Facilitates Entry.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Article
- VP0 Myristoylation Is Essential for Senecavirus A Replication.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Differences in Oligomerization of the SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein, Poliovirus VP4, and HIV Vpu.Biochemistry · 2024Article
- Cholesterol-Dependent Membrane Deformation by Metastable Viral Capsids Facilitates Entry.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Non-enveloped viruses must deliver their viral genome across a cell membrane without the advantage of membrane fusion. The mechanisms used to achieve this remain poorly understood. Human rhinovirus, a frequent cause of the common cold, is a non-enveloped virus of the picornavirus family, which includes other significant pathogens such as poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus. During picornavirus cell entry, the small myristoylated capsid protein VP4 is released from the virus, interacts with the cell membrane and is implicated in the delivery of the viral RNA genome into the cytoplasm to initiate replication. In this study, we have produced recombinant C-terminal histidine-tagged human rhinovirus VP4 and shown it can induce membrane permeability in liposome model membranes. Dextran size-exclusion studies, chemical crosslinking and electron microscopy demonstrated that VP4 forms a multimeric membrane pore, with a channel size consistent with transfer of the single-stranded RNA genome. The membrane permeability induced by recombinant VP4 was influenced by pH and was comparable to permeability induced by infectious virions. These findings present a molecular mechanism for the involvement of VP4 in cell entry and provide a model system which will facilitate exploration of VP4 as a novel antiviral target for the picornavirus family.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.