Trial reportThe Angle orthodontist2015
Effects of self-ligating and conventional brackets on halitosis and periodontal conditions.
Trial report in The Angle orthodontist, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Microbial colonisation associated with conventional and self-ligating brackets: a systematic review.Journal of orthodontics · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness, efficiency and adverse effects of using direct or indirect bonding technique in orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2019Pooled it
- Do fixed orthodontic appliances cause halitosis? A systematic review.BMC oral health · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Orthodontic Appliance Type and Oral Malodor Burden: Cross-Sectional Comparison of Clear Aligners, Fixed Braces, and Untreated Controls.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Impact of Clear Dental Aligners on Dental and Periodontal Conditions, Oral Microbial Patterns, and the Immune System.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Effectiveness and Clinical Indications of 2 × 4 Fixed Orthodontic Therapy in Regard to Mixed Dentition: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dynamics of the oral microbiome during orthodontic treatment and antimicrobial advances for orthodontic appliances.iScience · 2024Review
- Effect of conventional and self-ligating brackets on periodontal health. Systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2024Review
- Impact of Clear Aligners on Oral Health and Oral Microbiome During Orthodontic Treatment.International dental journal · 2023Review
- Periodontal Health in Patients with Self-Ligating Brackets: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Effects of Self-ligating Orthodontic Appliances on the Periodontal Health of Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2021Article
- Relationship between Fixed Dental Crowns and Volatile Sulphur Compounds.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Reliability, Accuracy, and Use Frequency of Evaluation Methods for Amount of Tongue Coating.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2019Article
- Orthodontic Fixed Appliance and Periodontal Status: An Updated Systematic Review.The open dentistry journal · 2018Review
- Effects of fixed and removable space maintainers on halitosis.BMC oral health · 2016Article
- Effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on self-assessment and diagnosis of halitosis in undergraduate dental students.Journal of Indian Society of PeriodontologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the effects of fixed orthodontic treatment with steel-ligated conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets on halitosis and periodontal health. MATERIALS AND
methodsSixty patients, at the permanent dentition stage aged 12 to 18 years, who had Angle Class I malocclusion with mild-to-moderate crowding were randomly selected. Inclusion criteria were nonsmokers, without systematic disease, and no use of antibiotics and oral mouth rinses during the 2-month period before the study. The patients were subdivided into three groups randomly: the group treated with conventional brackets (group 1, n = 20) ligated with steel ligature wires, the group treated with self-ligating brackets (group 2, n = 20), and the control group (group 3, n = 20). The periodontal records were obtained 1 week before bonding (T1), immediately before bonding (T2), 1 week after bonding (T3), 4 weeks after bonding (T4), and 8 weeks after bonding (T5). Measurements of the control group were repeated within the same periods. The volatile sulfur components determining halitosis were measured with the Halimeter at T2, T3, T4, and T5. A two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the groups statistically.
resultsNo statistically significant group × time interactions were found for plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and halitosis, which means three independent groups change like each other by time. The risk of tongue coating index (TCI) being 2 was 10.2 times higher at T1 than at T5 (P < .001). Therefore, the probability of higher TCI was decreased by time in all groups.
conclusionsThe self-ligating brackets do not have an advantage over conventional brackets with respect to periodontal status and halitosis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.