ReviewPLoS neglected tropical diseases2014
A screen-and-treat strategy targeting visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected individuals in endemic East African countries: the way forward?
Review in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal evaluation of asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-infected individuals in North-West Ethiopia: A pilot study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Prediction of visceral leishmaniasis development in a highly exposed HIV cohort in Ethiopia based on Leishmania infection markers: results from the PreLeisH study.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- A preliminary indication that HLA-A*03:01 may be associated with visceral leishmaniasis development in people living with HIV in Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Prevalence and determinants of asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-infected individuals living within visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas of Bihar, India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Precision Medicine in Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Epidemiological aspects and spatial patterns of human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.Parasitology · 2020Article
- Non-human primates andCytokine: X · 2020Article
- Article
- Long term outcomes and prognostics of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV infected patients with use of pentamidine as secondary prophylaxis based on CD4 level: a prospective cohort study in Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Miltefosine-Lopinavir Combination Therapy AgainstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- New insights into leishmaniasis in the immunosuppressed.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Review
- Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Co-Infection in Northwest Ethiopia: Antiretroviral Treatment and Burden of Disease among Patients Enrolled in HIV Care.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
- Serum Levels of Soluble CD40 Ligand and Neopterin in HIV Coinfected Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- Developments in Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Elimination Era.Journal of parasitology research · 2015Review
- Use of Pentamidine As Secondary Prophylaxis to Prevent Visceral Leishmaniasis Relapse in HIV Infected Patients, the First Twelve Months of a Prospective Cohort Study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection: time for concerted action.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the wake of the HIV epidemic, visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a disseminated protozoan infection caused by the Leishmania donovani complex, has been re-emerging, particularly in North Ethiopia where up to 40% of patients with VL are co-infected with HIV. Management of VL in HIV co-infection is complicated by increased drug toxicity, and high treatment failure and relapse rates with all currently available drugs, despite initiation of antiretroviral treatment. Tackling L. donovani infection before disease onset would thus be a logical approach. A screen-and-treat approach targeting latent or the early stage of infection has successfully been implemented in other HIV-associated opportunistic infections. While conceptually attractive in the context of VL-HIV, the basic understanding and evidence underpinning such an approach is currently lacking. Prospective cohort studies will have to be conducted to quantify the risk of VL in different risk groups and across CD4 cell count levels. This will allow developing clinical prognostic tools, integrating clinical, HIV and Leishmania infection markers. Interventional studies will be needed to evaluate prophylactic or pre-emptive treatment strategies for those at risk, ideally relying on an oral (combination) regimen. Issues like tolerability, emergence of resistance and drug interactions will require due attention. The need for maintenance therapy will have to be assessed. Based on the risk-benefit data, VL risk cut-offs will have to be identified to target treatment to those most likely to benefit. Such a strategy should be complemented with early initiation of antiretroviral treatment and other strategies to prevent HIV and Leishmania infection.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.