ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
Toll-like receptor 9 in breast cancer.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA), Its Applications in Cancer Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Its Potential Role in Regulating Cancer Metabolism.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Overcoming Immune Therapy Resistance in Cancer Through Innate Immune Reprogramming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- TLR9 Downregulation in Breast Cancer: Its Role in Tumor Immunity, Inflammatory Response, and Cellular Senescence.Journal of innate immunity · 2025Article
- Human papillomavirus E6 alters Toll-like receptor 9 transcripts and chemotherapy responses in breast cancer cells in vitro.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Impact ofBiomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Role of toll-like receptor in the pathogenesis of oral cancer.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Review
- Synthesis and studies of new purines/pyrimidine derivatives as multi-targeted agents involving various receptor sites in the immune system.Molecular diversity · 2024Article
- How Toll-like Receptor 9 Plays a Key Role in the Development of Gastric Cancer and Is Linked to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection.Cancers · 2023Article
- Promoter G-quadruplexes and transcription factors cooperate to shape the cell type-specific transcriptome.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Article
- Investigating the TLR9 mRNA Expression Level in Different Histological Types of Colorectal Polyps.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2019Article
- The Role of TLRs in Anti-cancer Immunity and Tumor Rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Seeking for Correlative Genes and Signaling Pathways With Bone Metastasis From Breast Cancer by Integrated Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Article
- Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in KSHV Infection.Cancers · 2018Review
- Mechanisms regulating immune surveillance of cellular stress in cancer.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2018Review
- Toll-like receptor expression in human non-small cell lung carcinoma: potential prognostic indicators of disease.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Pathway-based discovery of genetic interactions in breast cancer.PLoS genetics · 2017Article
- MUC1-C integrates PD-L1 induction with repression of immune effectors in non-small-cell lung cancer.Oncogene · 2017Article
- Characterization of the release and biological significance of cell-free DNA from breast cancer cell lines.Oncotarget · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a cellular DNA receptor of the innate immune system. DNA recognition via TLR9 results in an inflammatory reaction, which eventually also activates a Th1-biased adaptive immune attack. In addition to cells of the immune system, TLR9 mRNA and protein are also widely expressed in breast cancer cell lines and in clinical breast cancer specimens. Although synthetic TLR9-ligands induce cancer cell invasion in vitro, the role of TLR9 in cancer pathophysiology has remained unclear. In the studies conducted so far, tumor TLR9 expression has been shown to have prognostic significance only in patients that have triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Specifically, high tumor TLR9 expression predicts good prognosis among TNBC patients. Pre-clinical studies suggest that TLR9 expression may affect tumor immunophenotype and contribute to the immunogenic benefit of chemotherapy. In this review, we discuss the possible contribution of tumor TLR9 to the pathogenesis and treatment responses in breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.