ArticleJournal of virology2014
Coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae modulates the B cell response to influenza virus.
Article in Journal of virology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pneumococcal colonization impairs mucosal immune responses to live attenuated influenza vaccine.JCI insight · 2021Trial
- A synopsis of competence-regulated virulence inVirulence · 2026Review
- Recombinant serralysin metalloproteases D enhances the intracellular replication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
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- A cooperativity between virus and bacteria during respiratory infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization associates with impaired adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Microbial (co)infections: Powerful immune influencers.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- Article
- Review
- Altered Signal Transduction in the Immune Response to Influenza Virus andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- IL-6 During Influenza-Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- The Unexpected Impact of Vaccines on Secondary Bacterial Infections Following Influenza.Viral immunology · 2018Review
- Influenza interaction with cocirculating pathogens and its impact on surveillance, pathogenesis, and epidemic profile: A key role for mathematical modelling.PLoS pathogens · 2018Review
- Respiratory viral infections are underdiagnosed in patients with suspected sepsis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2017Article
- Compromised Defenses: Exploitation of Epithelial Responses During Viral-Bacterial Co-Infection of the Respiratory Tract.PLoS pathogens · 2016Review
- Next generation protein based Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Review
- The regulation of T follicular helper responses during infection.Current opinion in immunology · 2015Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pathogen-specific antibodies (Abs) protect against respiratory infection with influenza A virus (IAV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae and are the basis of effective vaccines. Sequential or overlapping coinfections with both pathogens are common, yet the impact of coinfection on the generation and maintenance of Ab responses is largely unknown. We report here that the B cell response to IAV is altered in mice coinfected with IAV and S. pneumoniae and that this response differs, depending on the order of pathogen exposure. In mice exposed to S. pneumoniae prior to IAV, the initial virus-specific germinal center (GC) B cell response is significantly enhanced in the lung-draining mediastinal lymph node and spleen, and there is an increase in CD4(+) T follicular helper (TFH) cell numbers. In contrast, secondary S. pneumoniae infection exaggerates early antiviral antibody-secreting cell formation, and at later times, levels of GCs, TFH cells, and antiviral serum IgG are elevated. Mice exposed to S. pneumoniae prior to IAV do not maintain the initially robust GC response in secondary lymphoid organs and exhibit reduced antiviral serum IgG with diminished virus neutralization activity a month after infection. Our data suggest that the history of pathogen exposures can critically affect the generation of protective antiviral Abs and may partially explain the differential susceptibility to and disease outcomes from IAV infection in humans. Importance: Respiratory tract coinfections, specifically those involving influenza A viruses and Streptococcus pneumoniae, remain a top global health burden. We sought to determine how S. pneumoniae coinfection modulates the B cell immune response to influenza virus since antibodies are key mediators of protection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.