ArticleDrug and alcohol review2016
Wastewater testing compared with random urinalyses for the surveillance of illicit drug use in prisons.
Article in Drug and alcohol review, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wastewater analysis for new psychoactive substances and cocaine and cannabis in a Northern Ireland Prison.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Long-term wastewater-based surveillance and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on drug use trends in a U.S. Northeast rural town.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Mining chemical information in Swedish wastewaters for simultaneous assessment of population consumption, treatment efficiency and environmental discharge of illicit drugs.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Long-term tracking of opioid consumption in two United States cities using wastewater-based epidemiology approach.Water research · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND
aimsIllicit drug use is known to occur among inmate populations of correctional (prison) facilities. Conventional approaches to monitor illicit drug use in prisons include random urinalyses (RUA). Conventional approaches are expected to be prone to bias because prisoners may be aware of which days of the week RUAs are conducted. Therefore, we wanted to compare wastewater loads for methamphetamine and cocaine during days with RUA testing and without. DESIGN AND
methodsWe collected daily 24-h composite samples of wastewater by continuous sampling, computed daily loads for 1 month and compared the frequency of illicit drug detection to the number of positive RUAs. Diurnal data also were collected for 3 days to determine within-day patterns of illicit drugs excretion.
resultsMethamphetamine was observed in each sample of prison wastewater with no significant difference in daily mass loads between RUA testing and non-testing days. Cocaine and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine, were observed only at levels below quantification in prison wastewater. Six RUAs were positive for methamphetamine during the month while none were positive for cocaine out of the 243 RUAs conducted. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsWastewater analyses offer data regarding the frequency of illicit drug excretion inside the prison that RUAs alone could not detect.
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