ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2014
Prions in the urine of patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 211 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inter-assay and Inter-site Performance of Alpha-Synuclein Seed Amplification Assays in Synucleinopathies: A Multicenter 2 × 2 Protocol Comparison.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Limited transmission of cervid prions to nonhuman primates provides insights into the zoonotic potential of chronic wasting disease.Science advances · 2026Article
- Prion Diseases-When Proteins Turn Lethal: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) and the Quest for Classification, Diagnosis, Therapeutic Approaches, and Emerging Research.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Advancing prion diagnostics: full-length human E200K RT-QuIC substrate facilitates prion detection in tear fluid and improves sensitivity in cerebrospinal fluid.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Development of a Procedure for Prion Surveillance in the Laboratory Setting.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prion diseases: Lessons from historical outbreaks and potential emerging ones.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Review
- Accurate detection of pathologic α-synuclein in CSF, skin, olfactory mucosa, and urine with a uniform seeding amplification assay.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Detecting the Undetectable: Exploring the Diagnostic Potential of Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification in Human Prion Diseases.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Biological Fluid Biomarkers in Human Prion Diseases with a Note on Biosafety.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Diagnosis of Prion Diseases.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Prion and "Prion-Like" Detection: From Conventional Methods to Microfluidics or Lab-on-Chip Platforms to Monitor Seeding and Spreading of Misfolded Proteins.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Prion diseases disrupt glutamate/glutamine metabolism in skeletal muscle.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Transmission of Norwegian reindeer CWD to sheep by intracerebral inoculation results in an unusual phenotype and prion distribution.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- α-Synuclein seed amplification technology for Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies.Trends in biotechnology · 2024Review
- Tau seeding activity in skin biopsy differentiates tauopathies from synucleinopathies.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Enhanced Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance in the older population: Assessment of a protocol for screening brain tissue donations for prion disease.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other prion diseases.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
- Large-scale validation of skin prion seeding activity as a biomarker for diagnosis of prion diseases.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- A review of the enhanced CJD surveillance feasibility study in the elderly in Scotland, UK.BMC geriatrics · 2024Review
- "Prion-like" seeding and propagation of oligomeric protein assemblies in neurodegenerative disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrions, the infectious agents responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, consist mainly of the misfolded prion protein (PrP(Sc)). The unique mechanism of transmission and the appearance of a variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which has been linked to consumption of prion-contaminated cattle meat, have raised concerns about public health. Evidence suggests that variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions circulate in body fluids from people in whom the disease is silently incubating.
methodsTo investigate whether PrP(Sc) can be detected in the urine of patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, we used the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technique to amplify minute quantities of PrP(Sc), enabling highly sensitive detection of the protein. We analyzed urine samples from several patients with various transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (variant and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and genetic forms of prion disease), patients with other degenerative or nondegenerative neurologic disorders, and healthy persons.
resultsPrP(Sc) was detectable only in the urine of patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and had the typical electrophoretic profile associated with this disease. PrP(Sc) was detected in 13 of 14 urine samples obtained from patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in none of the 224 urine samples obtained from patients with other neurologic diseases and from healthy controls, resulting in an estimated sensitivity of 92.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.1 to 99.8) and a specificity of 100.0% (95% CI, 98.4 to 100.0). The PrP(Sc) concentration in urine calculated by means of quantitative PMCA was estimated at 1×10(-16) g per milliliter, or 3×10(-21) mol per milliliter, which extrapolates to approximately 40 to 100 oligomeric particles of PrP(Sc) per milliliter of urine.
conclusionsUrine samples obtained from patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease contained minute quantities of PrP(Sc). (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.