Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25099546›Full record

SynthesisThe American journal of clinical nutrition2014

Fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, sucrose, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or indexes of liver health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mei Chung, Jiantao Ma, Kamal Patel, Samantha Berger, Joseph Lau, Alice H Lichtenstein

Open access · bronzeAbstract readComparative StudyMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
101citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
16.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

101 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 253 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Correlation of Adiponectin Gene PolymorphismsFrontiers in endocrinology · 2022
    Pooled it
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  7. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in liver disease.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2019
    Guideline
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41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mei ChungFrom the Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (MC, KP, SB, and JL); the Nutrition/Infection Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA (MC); the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (JM and AHL); and the Center for Evidence-based Medicine, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI (JL).
Jiantao MaFrom the Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (MC, KP, SB, and JL); the Nutrition/Infection Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA (MC); the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (JM and AHL); and the Center for Evidence-based Medicine, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI (JL).
Kamal PatelFrom the Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (MC, KP, SB, and JL); the Nutrition/Infection Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA (MC); the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (JM and AHL); and the Center for Evidence-based Medicine, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI (JL).
Samantha BergerFrom the Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (MC, KP, SB, and JL); the Nutrition/Infection Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA (MC); the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (JM and AHL); and the Center for Evidence-based Medicine, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI (JL).
Joseph LauFrom the Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (MC, KP, SB, and JL); the Nutrition/Infection Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA (MC); the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (JM and AHL); and the Center for Evidence-based Medicine, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI (JL).
Alice H LichtensteinFrom the Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (MC, KP, SB, and JL); the Nutrition/Infection Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA (MC); the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (JM and AHL); and the Center for Evidence-based Medicine, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI (JL).
Tufts University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundConcerns have been raised about the concurrent temporal trend between simple sugar intakes, especially of fructose or high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), and rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the United States.

objectiveWe examined the effect of different amounts and forms of dietary fructose on the incidence or prevalence of NAFLD and indexes of liver health in humans.

designWe conducted a systematic review of English-language, human studies of any design in children and adults with low to no alcohol intake and that reported at least one predetermined measure of liver health. The strength of the evidence was evaluated by considering risk of bias, consistency, directness, and precision.

resultsSix observational studies and 21 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall strength of evidence for observational studies was rated insufficient because of high risk of biases and inconsistent study findings. Of 21 intervention studies, 19 studies were in adults without NAFLD (predominantly healthy, young men) and 1 study each in adults or children with NAFLD. We found a low level of evidence that a hypercaloric fructose diet (supplemented by pure fructose) increases liver fat and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations in healthy men compared with the consumption of a weight-maintenance diet. In addition, there was a low level of evidence that hypercaloric fructose and glucose diets have similar effects on liver fat and liver enzymes in healthy adults. There was insufficient evidence to draw a conclusion for effects of HFCS or sucrose on NAFLD.

conclusionsOn the basis of indirect comparisons across study findings, the apparent association between indexes of liver health (ie, liver fat, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, alanine aminotransferase, AST, and γ-glutamyl transpeptase) and fructose or sucrose intake appear to be confounded by excessive energy intake. Overall, the available evidence is not sufficiently robust to draw conclusions regarding effects of fructose, HFCS, or sucrose consumption on NAFLD.

Indexed as

Evidence-Based MedicineBiomarkersDietary SucroseEnergy IntakeFructoseHigh Fructose Corn SyrupHumansHyperphagiaLiverNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseNutritive SweetenersBiomarkersDietary SucroseFructoseHigh Fructose Corn SyrupNutritive Sweeteners

Identifiers

PMID25099546
PMCPMC4135494
OpenAlexW2023774232

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.