ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2014
FOXP3 and CTLA4 overexpression in multiple myeloma bone marrow as a sign of accumulation of CD4(+) T regulatory cells.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in immune microenvironment profiling during multiple myeloma progression and therapy.International journal of hematology · 2026Review
- The mechanisms of regulatory T cells in the immune microenvironment of multiple myeloma and clinical significance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Current Status and Future Prospects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Research in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Review
- T cell phenotype and clonality changes in myeloma patients with short overall survival.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Review
- Dissecting immunophenotypic diversity in multiple myeloma via mass cytometry: a call for harmonized gating strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Changes in immune subsets during chemotherapy as prognosis biomarkers for multiple myeloma patients by longitudinal monitoring.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Article
- Role of Immune Cells and Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Multiple myeloma and the potential of new checkpoint inhibitors for immunotherapy.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2024Review
- What happens to regulatory T cells in multiple myeloma.Cell death discovery · 2023Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors for multiple myeloma immunotherapy.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2023Review
- Immunogenic Cell Death in Hematological Malignancy Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Monoclonal Gammopathies and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment: From Bench to Bedside and Then Back Again.Hematology reports · 2023Review
- Normalization of the Immunological Microenvironment and Sustained Minimal Residual Disease Negativity: Do We Need Both for Long-Term Control of Multiple Myeloma?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Treating Multiple Myeloma in the Context of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Review
- Review
- The Leading Role of the Immune Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma: A New Target with a Great Prognostic and Clinical Value.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Langerhans dendritic cell vaccine bearing mRNA-encoded tumor antigens induces antimyeloma immunity after autotransplant.Blood advances · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMultiple myeloma (MM) development involves a series of genetic abnormalities and changes in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, favoring the growth of the tumor and failure of local immune control. T regulatory (Treg) cells play an important role in dampening anti-tumor immune responses while T-helper-17 (Th17) cells seem to be critical for the eradication of malignant cells. The aim of our study was to characterize the expression of Treg- and Th17-related genes in total myeloma BM samples to assess their role as biomarkers, prognostic factors, and possible therapeutic targets in this incurable disease.
methodsExpression of markers for Treg (FOXP3, CTLA4) and Th17 cells (RORγt) was determined by quantitative real-time PCR in BM aspirates of 46 MM patients, four patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, five solitary plasmacytomas, and five healthy BM donors. Gene expression was evaluated regarding an influence on the patients' overall survival (OS).
resultsFOXP3 and CTLA4 presented a sixfold (p = 0.02) and 30-fold higher expression (p = 0.03), respectively, in MM patients than in controls. RORγt expression was similar in MM patients and controls. Median OS of MM patients was 16.8 (range 4.5-29.1) months, and international staging system was the only independent prognostic factor for patients survival.
conclusionsOverexpression of FOXP3 and CTLA4 in total BM samples suggests a local accumulation of immunosuppressive Tregs, the MM tumor environment, possibly dampening anti-tumor host immune responses. Therapeutic approaches targeting Treg cells and restoring local anti-tumor immunity may provide new treatment strategies for this incurable malignancy.
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