Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25097193›Full record

SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2014

Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis.

A Roy, M Eisenhut, R J Harris, L C Rodrigues, S Sridhar, S Habermann, L Snell, P Mangtani, I Adetifa, A Lalvani and 1 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07094711 (Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of Therapeutic Mycobacterium Bovis BCG in Patients With Mycobacterium Avium Complex Lung Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 264 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
264citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
26.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07094711 phase2recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of Therapeutic Mycobacterium Bovis BCG in Patients With Mycobacterium Avium Complex Lung Disease (BOOST)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of VirginiaRan2026 to 2028Enrolled48ConditionsMycobacterium Avium-intracellulare Infection, Mycobacterium Infections, NontuberculousArmsMycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine, preservative-free saline
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

264 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 580 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Multidimensional determinants of BCG-induced false-positivity in tuberculin skin testing: a global meta-analysis of 242 studies.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
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  10. Effectiveness of interventions for reducing TB incidence in countries with low TB incidence: a systematic review of reviews.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2019
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  11. MVA85A vaccine to enhance BCG for preventing tuberculosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
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204 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

A RoyCentre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
M EisenhutLuton and Dunstable University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK.
R J HarrisCentre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
L C RodriguesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
S SridharTuberculosis Research Centre, Respiratory Infections Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
S HabermannLuton and Dunstable University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK.
L SnellLuton and Dunstable University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK.
P MangtaniLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
I AdetifaMedical Research Council, Fajara, Gambia.
A LalvaniTuberculosis Research Centre, Respiratory Infections Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
I AbubakarCentre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK i.abubakar@ucl.ac.uk.
Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust · GBImperial College London · GBLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBPublic Health England · GBMRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL · GBMRC Unit the Gambia · GM

Funding

Department of Health 08/16/01Department of Health 08/17/01Medical Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo determine whether BCG vaccination protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as assessed by interferon γ release assays (IGRA) in children.

designSystematic review and meta-analysis. Searches of electronic databases 1950 to November 2013, checking of reference lists, hand searching of journals, and contact with experts.

settingCommunity congregate settings and households. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Vaccinated and unvaccinated children aged under 16 with known recent exposure to patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Children were screened for infection with M tuberculosis with interferon γ release assays. DATA EXTRACTION: Study results relating to diagnostic accuracy were extracted and risk estimates were combined with random effects meta-analysis.

resultsThe primary analysis included 14 studies and 3855 participants. The estimated overall risk ratio was 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.71 to 0.92), indicating a protective efficacy of 19% against infection among vaccinated children after exposure compared with unvaccinated children. The observed protection was similar when estimated with the two types of interferon γ release assays (ELISpot or QuantiFERON). Restriction of the analysis to the six studies (n=1745) with information on progression to active tuberculosis at the time of screening showed protection against infection of 27% (risk ratio 0.73, 0.61 to 0.87) compared with 71% (0.29, 0.15 to 0.58) against active tuberculosis. Among those infected, protection against progression to disease was 58% (0.42, 0.23 to 0.77).

conclusionsBCG protects against M tuberculosis infection as well as progression from infection to disease.Trial registration PROSPERO registration No CRD42011001698 (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).

Indexed as

BCG VaccineAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolHumansInfantInterferon-gammaInterferon-gamma Release TestsMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisBCG VaccineInterferon-gamma

Identifiers

PMID25097193
PMCPMC4122754
OpenAlexW2116619718

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.