ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2014
Inaccuracy of haemoglobin A1c among HIV-infected men: effects of CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapies and haematological parameters.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.Kidney international · 2018Guideline
- Prevention of cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesPooled it
- The effect of HIV infection on glycaemia and renal function in type 2 diabetic patients.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Incident diabetes after switching to integrase strand transfer inhibitors in people with HIV in the USA and Canada: a cohort study.The lancet. HIV · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial DNA Variation, Antiretroviral Therapy, and Incidence of Diabetes Among Men With and Without HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The impact of the recent HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based regimens on metabolic health outcomes: A narrative review.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Deciphering the Association: Critical HDL-C Levels and Their Impact on the Glycation Gap in People Living with HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Optimizing cardiometabolic risk in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A deep dive into an important risk enhancer.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2024Review
- An update on drug-drug interactions in older adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2024Review
- Article
- Diabetes in HIV: the Link to Weight Gain.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Identifying sex-specific anthropometric measures and thresholds for dysglycemia screening in an HIV-endemic rural South African population.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Association between prior tuberculosis disease and dysglycemia within an HIV-endemic, rural South African population.PloS one · 2023Article
- Primary Care of the Person Living with HIV.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Risk of Incident Diabetes Mellitus, Weight Gain, and Their Relationships With Integrase Inhibitor-Based Initial Antiretroviral Therapy Among Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States and Canada.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Increased risk of prediabetes among virally suppressed adults with HIV in Central Kenya detected using glycated haemoglobin and fasting blood glucose.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2021Article
- Clinic-based diabetes screening at the time of HIV testing and associations with poor clinical outcomes in South Africa: a cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Prevalence of obesity and disturbances in glucose homeostasis in HIV-infected subjects and general population - missed diagnoses of diabetes?HIV medicine · 2021Article
- Plasma Lipidomic Profiles and Risk of Diabetes: 2 Prospective Cohorts of HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is limited evidence that among HIV-infected patients haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values may not accurately reflect glycaemia. We assessed HbA1c discordance (observed HbA1c - expected HbA1c) and associated factors among HIV-infected participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).
methodsFasting glucose (FG) and HbA1c were measured at each semi-annual MACS visit since 1999. All HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men for whom at least one FG and HbA1c pair measurement was available were evaluated. Univariate median regression determined the association between HbA1c and FG by HIV serostatus. The relationship between HbA1c and FG in HIV-uninfected men was used to determine the expected HbA1c. Generalized estimating equations determined factors associated with the Hb1Ac discordance among HIV-infected men. Clinically significant discordance was defined as observed HbA1c - expected HbA1c ≤-0.5%.
resultsOver 13 years, 1500 HIV-uninfected and 1357 HIV-infected men were included, with a median of 11 visits for each participant. At an FG of 125 mg/dL, the median HbA1c among HIV-infected men was 0.21% lower than among HIV-uninfected men and the magnitude of this effect increased with FG >126 mg/dL. Sixty-three percent of HIV-infected men had at least one visit with clinically significant HbA1c discordance, which was independently associated with: low CD4 cell count (<500 cells/mm(3)); a regimen containing a protease inhibitor, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or zidovudine; high mean corpuscular volume; and abnormal corpuscular haemoglobin.
conclusionHbA1c underestimates glycaemia in HIV-infected patients and its use in patients with risk factors for HbA1c discordance may lead to under-diagnosis and to under-treatment of established diabetes mellitus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.